The role of Mycoplasma strain F38 in contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCCP) in Kenya

The results of a serological and cultural study of experimental and field cases of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia were consistent with an aetiological role for mycoplasma strain F38. This mycoplasma was isolated from 57 acute cases in 46 outbreaks of CCPP and from 87 experimental contact cases. Clinical data from experimental contact cases were assessed for comparison with field cases.     

The effect of high passage mycoplasma strain F38 on the course of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP)

Summary In comparison with an equal number of untreated controls, goats inoculated with high passage culture of mycoplasma strain F38 were significantly less susceptible to contact infection from CCPP cases.

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Efecto De Un Pasaje Alto De La Cepa De Micoplasma F 38 En El Curso De La Pleuroneumonia Contagiosa Caprina

Resumen En comparación con un número igual de controles sin tratar, cabras inoculadas con un pasaje alto de Micoplasma Cepa F 38 fueron significativamente menos susceptibles al contacto con animales enfermos.

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L'effet De La Souche De Mycoplasme F38 A Grand Nombre De Passages, Sur L'evolution De La Pleuropneumonie Contagieuse Caprine (CCPP)

Résumé Par comparaison avec un nombre égal d'animaux témoins non vaccinés, les chèvres inoculées avec cette souche sont significativement moins sensibles à l'infection transmise par contact avec des animaux atteints de maladie naturelle.

     

A mycoplasma from acute contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Kenya

Summary A mycoplasma was isolated from acute caprine pleuropneumonia in Kenya. The organism could be differentiated serologically from the known strains of mycoplasma with which it was compared. When the organism was inoculated into goats it caused pleuropneumonia which was readily contagious, and from which the organism could be reisolated.

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Resumen Se aisló un micoplasma de casos agudos de pleuroneumonia caprina en Kenia. Los organismos se diferenciaron serologicamente de otras cepas conocidas de micoplasma con las cuales se compararon. Cuando los organismos se inocularon en cabras, la enfermedad se reprodujo y el organismo causal pudo aislarse nuevamente de los casos clínicos.

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Résumé Un mycoplasme a été isolé d'un cas de pleuropneumonie aigu? de la chèvre au Kenya. Ce germe a pu être différencié sérologiquement des souches connues auxquelles il a été comparé. Lorsqu'il est inoculé à des chèvres saines, il provoque une pleuropneumonie réellement contagieuse et est réisolé à partir des lésions.

     

Low genetic diversity and strong geographic structure in introduced populations of the Eucalyptus foliar pathogen Teratosphaeria destructans

The aggressive Eucalyptus leaf pathogen, Teratosphaeria destructans, causes widespread damage in tropical and subtropical Eucalyptus-growing regions of Indonesia, China, Thailand, East Timor, Vietnam, Lao, and South Africa. Little is known regarding the origin, pathways of dispersal, or reproductive biology of this pathogen. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic structure of a global collection of T. destructans isolates. This was achieved by developing and using polymorphic microsatellite markers. Low genotypic diversity and a limited number of private alleles were found in all investigated populations, with the highest maximum diversity of 10.7% in isolates from South Sumatra. This supports the hypothesis that T. destructans was introduced to these regions. High levels of clonality were common in all populations, especially in isolates sampled from the recent disease outbreak in South Africa, which were all identical. The global collection of isolates grouped into three distinct clusters, corresponding largely to their sampled regions. Low levels of genotypic diversity, high levels of clonality, and strong geographic structure suggest independent introductions into all the sampled areas from an unknown source. The results imply that strict biosecurity measures are needed to avoid introductions of additional genotypes in these areas.     

Tethered-flight performance of thermally-acclimated pest fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) suggests that heat waves may promote the spread of Bactrocera species

Background

Thermal history may induce phenotypic plasticity in traits that affect performance and fitness. One type of plastic response triggered by thermal history is acclimation. Because flight is linked to movement in the landscape, trapping and detection rates, and underpins the success of pest management tactics, it is particularly important to understand how thermal history may affect pest insect flight performance. We investigated the tethered-flight performance of Ceratitis capitata, Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae), acclimated for 48 h at 20, 25 or 30 °C and tested at 25 °C. We recorded the total distance, average speed, number of flight events and time spent flying during 2-h tests. We also characterized morphometric traits (body mass, wing shape and wing loading) that can affect flight performance.

Results

The main factor affecting most flight traits was body mass. The heaviest species, B. dorsalis, flew further, was faster and stopped less often in comparison with the two other species. Bactrocera species exhibited faster and longer flight when compared with C. capitata, which may be associated with the shape of their wings. Moreover, thermal acclimation had sex- and species-specific effects on flight performance. Flies acclimated at 20 °C stopped more often, spent less time flying and, ultimately, covered shorter distances.

Conclusion

Flight performance of B. dorsalis is greater than that of B. zonata and C. capitata. The effects of thermal acclimation are species-specific. Warmer acclimation temperatures may allow pest fruit flies to disperse further and faster. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.