2年生酸枣移栽苗生理变化及其耐盐性

[目的]对2年生酸枣移栽苗进行耐盐性评价,为其在新疆盐渍化地区扩大种植面积提供依据.[方法]以2年生酸枣移栽苗为材料进行不同程度的NaCl胁迫处理,研究其细胞膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和渗透调节物质含量的变化趋势.[结果]将2年生酸枣幼苗移栽后第80 d(CK1),其叶片细胞膜透性、SOD、POD、CAT活性和脯氨酸含量均显著高于2年生酸枣实生苗(CK) (P ＜0.05);MDA、可溶性糖、淀粉、蛋白质含量没有达到显著水平(P＞0.05).NaCl胁迫下,浓度为0～200 mmol/L,2年生酸枣移栽苗叶片中细胞膜透性,SOD、POD、CAT活性显著高于2年生酸枣实生苗(CK)(P＜0.05);浓度为250、300 mmol/L时,SOD、POD的活性下降,而CAT活性处于稳定状态.随之NaCl浓度的加重,2年生酸枣移栽苗叶片中脯氨酸的含量成倍增加,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、淀粉的含量均呈增加趋势.[结论]对于酸枣移栽苗来说,在NaCl浓度为0～200 mmol/L,其叶片中的活性氧清除酶开始启动,解除活性氧的毒害,脯氨酸起着重要的渗透调节作用,因此,在此范围内的酸枣移栽苗受到盐害较轻;而在250～300 mmol/L的NaCl胁迫下,酸枣移栽苗受到的伤害比较高.     

新疆绿洲干旱区不同棉种主要性状综合评价及分析

[目的]研究新疆绿洲干旱区不同棉种主要综合性状,综合评价南疆生产上推广应用的棉花品种,为南疆品种选择和提质增效栽培提供一定的理论依据.[方法]以新疆南疆棉区历来选育的有代表性的16个品种为材料,分析新疆干旱绿洲区栽培下棉花农艺形状、品质、根系、产量及产量构成因子等主要性状相关性和聚类分析.[结果]各品种铃重为4.5～6...     

深松对叶丛生长期甜菜形态结构特性及生物量积累特性的影响

【目的】研究深松深度对新疆南疆甜菜叶丛生长期植株形态结构及生物量积累影响,为新疆南疆甜菜田合理耕作层的构建提供依据。【方法】采用大田随机区组试验设计,设置4个处理,深松深度分别为35 cm(S₃₅)、45 cm(S₄₅)、55 cm(S₅₅)处理,未作深松处理作对照(CK),研究不同深松深度对甜菜叶丛生长期植株形态结构特性、各器官生物量积累的影响,分析叶片、叶柄形态结构特性与块根形态指标的相关性。【结果】甜菜叶丛生长期叶片长、叶片宽、叶片鲜重、叶柄长、叶柄粗及叶柄鲜重均随叶序的增加呈先增后降的趋势,其中L₅叶片出现最大值,可作为功能叶,且深松深度为55 cm促进甜菜叶丛生长期功能叶片和叶柄的生长。深松55 cm与对照(CK)相比,甜菜叶丛期块根长、块根直径、块根围及块根鲜重显著(P<0.05)增加了25.93%、25.59%、30.15%、19.19%,使单株总鲜重和叶片鲜重比例分别增加了29.99%、9.96%,降低甜菜块根鲜重比例和根冠比8.35%、14.29%。【结论】在新疆南疆深松深度为55 cm能有效促进甜菜叶丛生长期叶片生长,增加甜菜叶片生物量(源)的积累。     

持续干旱下天山野生杏幼苗渗透调节物质的累积特性

以新疆伊犁地区的4类野生杏(野生甜仁杏1号、野生甜仁杏2号,野生苦仁杏1号、野生苦仁杏2号)为材料,研究其在干旱胁迫下渗透调节物质的积累特性.对二年生天山野杏苗进行持续80 d的田间自然干旱处理过程中,每隔20 d取样分析土壤相对含水量(SRWC)及叶片相对含水量(LRWC),Na+,K+和可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖以及脯...     

离子注入甜菜种子生物效应研究初报

本试验表明：Ｎ＾＋离子注入甜菜种子后,在叶片过氧化物酶同工酶的分析中,发现酶的活性与郭注入的剂量有关,低剂量的离子注入有利于酶的活化,同时产生新的酶带,其生长量和生长势也有明显增加。     

Impact of sublethal di‐n‐butyl phthalate on the aquaculture fish species Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): histopathology and oxidative stress assessment

Phthalates such as di‐n‐butyl phthalate (DBP) and their esters are widely used plasticizers, their ubiquitous presence in daily life, inevitably leads to their restricted use due to important environmental pollution and health impacts and endocrine disruption potential. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a sublethal concentration of 10 mg L^?1 DBP on haematocrit (HCT) values, gills and liver histology, malondialdehyde (MDA, 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐TBA reactivity) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in gills and liver tissue as oxidative stress biomarkers in the aquaculture fish species Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after 24 (DBP‐24) and 96 (DBP‐96) h exposure. No differences were found between per cent HCT values in the 24 h exposure groups (P > 0.05). Response of antioxidant defence systems in liver and gill tissues of the fish were dependent on exposure duration and changed to a higher extent during 96 h. MDA levels in liver tissue increased in DBP treated fish in comparison to the control fish. However, the differences between the exposure and control groups were not significant (P > 0.05). A statistically significant decrease (P > 0.05) was recorded in gill MDA levels in the DBP‐96 group when compared to the control and DBP‐24 groups. The liver GSH levels were unchanged in the DBP treated fish. However, GSH levels were significantly lower in the gill tissue of the DBP‐96 group. Exposure to DBP caused several degenerative changes in the histology of gill and liver tissue. Gills displayed hyperaemia, epithelial lifting, oedema, talengiectasia, epithelial hyperplasia and fusion of secondary lamellae, whereas in liver several circulatory anomalies (hyperaemia, blood congestion and sinosoid dilatation) and vacuolization of hepatocytes were observed. Histopathological results demonstrated that the gills were more affected than the liver perhaps due to their direct contact with DBP.     

Partnerships for sustainable development as discursive practice: Shifts in discourses of environment and democracy

Partnerships for sustainable development are the Type II outcomes that emerged out of the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg, 2002. These new mechanisms of environmental governance were an intersection point of three significant discourses in global politics: those of participatory democracy, private governance, and sustainable development. By analysing these three discourses around partnerships for sustainable development, this paper aims at revealing the larger frames of reference and the meta-narratives that explain why and how institutions like partnerships for sustainable development have emerged and how they have actualised. Using key concepts from and discourse theoretical approaches of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, the paper focuses on the negotiations of formal international organisations as a practice of discourse institutionalisation. By recognising that the international negotiations can result in these institutions to carry contestations and conflicts, it traces the dilemmas inherent in partnerships, that reflect shifts in the discourses of environment and development.     

优质高品质陆地棉品种(系)数量性状因子分析及稳定性评价

[目的]为指导优质陆地棉常规育种提供科学参考.[方法]对63个高品质陆地棉资源(即纤维长度30 mm、以上比强度31 cN/tex以上、马克隆值3.7 ～4.2)的14个数量性状进行因子分析并聚类,对其纤维品质进行稳定性评价.[结果]前5个公因子的累积贡献率达到90.0;,分别代表籽指、铃重、比强度、铃数、纤维整齐度、纤维细度等陆地棉的主要特征,并根据这63个品种(系)的前5个公因子的得分值,采用离差平方和法将其聚为9类,其中大铃优质、早熟性、高衣分上表现好的分别是Ⅸ、Ⅷ、Ⅵ类.[结论]通过因子分析聚类以及稳定性评价后最终预测出12个较理想的亲本,即贝尔斯诺、Acala1517-77、Aca1a1 517-70、巴州5628、SI2、霍皮卡尔、MO-78-344、117169-6、新陆中9号、巴州6501、长绒67-12和新培育品系.     

Proteome profiling of the compatible interaction between wheat and stripe rust

Over the last decade, comparative molecular profiling studies between compatible and incompatible plant-pathogen interactions have shown that susceptible response of the host to a pathogen requires factors that promote disease development. In this study, we examined proteome profiles during a compatible interaction between wheat and stripe rust. A 2D-LC system (ProteomeLab PF2D) was used for protein separation and to compare the proteome from infected and control samples. More than 700 protein peaks at each time point were compared between pathogen- and mock-inoculated samples. Selected proteins, with significant differences in abundance were identified by nanoLC-ESI- MS/MS and generated spectra were searched against the wheat protein databases from UniProt, and NCBI and the Puccinia database from The Broad Institute. In total, the identified proteins comprised of 62 % wheat and 38 % Pst proteins. All identified proteins were searched by bioinformatics-based algorithms to detect their subcellular localization and signal peptide motifs which have the potential to catch the candidate effector proteins. The wheat proteins were classified based on their function. Although a compatible interaction, many wheat proteins, such as antioxidants, PRs and cold-responsive proteins, are implicated in defense and stress tolerance. On the pathogen side, 64 proteins were identified, and included some important pathogenicity proteins that can play role in pathogen virulence and suppress the host defense. In addition, we discovered that nine proteins have a signal sequence and three of the hypothetical fungal proteins, PGTG_11681T0, PGTG_07231T0 and CBH50687.1, have been tentatively identified as candidate effectors.