Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic method for determination of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone in tablets

A simple, specific, and rapid 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic method for the assay of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone is described. Spectra are recorded in CDCI3 containing 1,3-dichloro-5-nitrobenzene as an internal standard. The aromatic proton resonances for the standard, at delta 7.7 and 8.2, are well separated from those of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone, which are in the region of delta 6.5-7.3 ppm. Average percent recoveries of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone were 98.9 and 98.6 with standard deviations of 0.6 and 0.7, respectively. Commercial formulations were analyzed and the results obtained by the proposed method closely agreed with those found by the British Pharmacopoeia method.     

Morphological analysis on comparison of organic and chemical fertilizers on grain quality of rice at different planting densities

ABSTRACT

Effects of organic (Italian ryegrass and Bokashi) and chemical fertilizer on growth, yield, and grain quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were compared under different planting densities in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. Italian ryegrass was incorporated into the soil as green manure. Bokashi (a mixture of organic materials) was applied as basal dressing. To measure yield and its components, 30 hills were chosen for each treatment. Rice grains were harvested from each treatment to assess the grain quality and to evaluate accumulation structures using a scanning electron microscope. Bokashi treatment increased panicle number per hill, ripened grain percentage, panicle number per m², and grain yield compared to no fertilizer treatment at normal planting density. Chemical fertilizer treatment increased plant length at high planting density. Italian ryegrass and Bokashi treatments promoted the taste point (taste score as reference) by reduction of amylose and protein contents at normal planting density in contrast to chemical fertilizer. 1000-grain weight, panicle number per m², and grain yield were higher at high planting density than at normal planting density. However, high planting density decreased panicle number per hill and spikelet number per panicle. It also enhanced the amylose content of rice grain. Scanning electron microscopic observation revealed that chemical fertilizer treatment marked up protein bodies and their traces on amyloplasts. However, Bokashi treatment produced large amyloplasts, which included many starch granules. These results show that Italian ryegrass and Bokashi can offset reductions of chemical fertilizer and can lead to sufficient starch accumulation structures in rice grains.     

白消安对睾丸的毒害作用及机制探讨

白消安（busulfan）对精子发生具有较强毒害作用,可导致雄性不育,是制备精原干细胞（spermatogonial stem cells,SSCs）移植受体的理想药剂。睾丸炎对生精机能也有重要影响,甚至能导致雄性不育。然而,白消安损害血睾屏障（blood-testis barrier,BTB）,影响精子发生的机制尚不清楚,尚不知其是否会导致非传染性睾丸炎症,并影响细胞因子分泌,损害生育能力。因此,本文综述了白消安对BTB的破坏作用、对睾丸细胞相关功能蛋白的影响,以及白消安损伤睾丸的缓解方法,以深入揭示白消安对睾丸细胞和BTB功能与结构的毒害作用,为研发高效安全的SSCs移植受体制备技术,以及化疗药物治疗和环境毒素作用下生精机能科学防护与恢复提供科学参考。