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In an attempt to increase the acidity of wine by biological means, malate-producing yeasts were selected from a collection of 282 strains isolated in different parts of Spain. Only 4% of these strains (all of which belonged to Saccharomyces cerevisiae) produced l-(-)-malic acid in the range of 0.5-1 g/L. This was formed between days 2 and 6 of alcoholic fermentation, reaching a maximum on days 3 and 4; the concentration remained stable from day 7. Malic acid production was favored by temperatures in the 18-25 degrees C range and by musts with a high pH and low concentrations of sugar, initial malic acid, and yeast-assimilable nitrogen. Oxaloacetic acid, a precursor of malic acid, had no influence on malate production. The precursors pyruvic and fumaric acid did, however, have a significant effect on the production of this acid in some strains. No direct relation between pyruvate and malate metabolism was observed. 相似文献
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Hernández Juan Augusto Lepe Marissa Macedo Rafael Arredondo Victalina Cortez Carlos Eliseo García Luis Jorge Prado Omar 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(1):173-178
Tropical Animal Health and Production - A study was conducted with the objective to characterize the morphology of Socorro Island Merino sheep. A total of 67 sheep, 62 females, 26 purebred and 36... 相似文献
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J.A. Yuri M. Ibarra-Romero J.L. Vásquez V. Lepe J. González-Talice A. del Pozo 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
In Chile, like in other countries, a high percentage of apple (Malus domestica Borkh) orchards are grafted on vigorous or semi-vigorous rootstocks. The need to decrease the amount of labor involved and increase efficiency has motivated this study on the effect of reducing the height of cv. Ultra Red Gala/MM111 trees in a commercial orchard in the Maule Region of Chile. Apple trees were planted in 2003, and their tree heights were adjusted to 2.5, 3.0 and 3.6 m prior to blooming in 2006. The reduction of plant height from 3.6 m to 2.5 m determined a significant reduction in canopy volume (26% and 29% in 2007/2008 and 2008/2009, respectively), but no differences were detected in leaf area index (LAI) and the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) transmitted through the canopy. However, a higher proportion of the canopies of the shorter trees had over 30% of incident PAR, the threshold for the production of good fruit quality and flower-bud differentiation. There were no differences in fruit production among plant heights, accumulating 131 tonnes ha−1 in the three growing seasons. Over the three seasons, the shortest plants (2.5 m) required 19, 57 and 42% less labor time at harvest, respectively, than the plants maintained at a height of 3.6 m. There were no evident differences in fruit quality among the treatments; flesh firmness varied between 73.0 and 74.0 N, soluble solids between 11.6 and 12.6°Brix, mean weight between 180 and 200 g, and the percentage of red coloring exceeded 59% of the Premium fruit in the three growing seasons. Our results suggest that it is possible to manage plants with reduced height on semi-vigorous rootstocks and thus reduce the time necessary for harvesting, without affecting fruit yield and quality. 相似文献
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