Some Aspects of Dental Development in the Dog—III Some Common Variations in the Dentitions

Abstract— Two small series of dogs, one investigated radiographically in cadavers (50), the other examined clinically in living dogs (140), were studied for the incidence of common anomalies. The commonest conditions, partial anodontia and additional teeth, are discussed in some detail and the former is represented in the form of a histogram.     

Antifungal activity, acid and sugar content in the wood apple (Limonia acidissima) and their relation to fungal development

Unripe wood apple fruit is generally free from visible fungal growth before and at harvest but a succession of fungi appears on the fruit shell, and sometimes in the pulp, during ripening. A TLC- Cladosporium bioassay of the chloroform extract taken from unripe fruit shell demonstrated three inhibition areas. Similar extracts from stem-bark and root-bark produced these three, and one additional, inhibition areas. The four compounds responsible for inhibition were identified as psoralene, xanthotoxin, 2,6-dimethoxybenzoquinone and osthenol.
Concentrations of the three antifungal compounds on unripe fruit shell increased during the first 4 days after harvest and then declined. They remained much below those required to inhibit the development of three fungi on TLC plates. Titratable acidity of the unripe fruit pulp was high but decreased by about 50% during ripening. Levels of reducing sugars were very low in the unripe fruit pulp but increased by about five times during ripening. Levels also increased in the fruit shell and its washings. The possible role of these factors in restricting fungal growth in unripe fruits is discussed.     

The Clinical Approach to Tumours in Cage Birds—IV Treatment of Cage Bird Tumours

Abstract— The site, size, shape, consistency, structures involved, growth potential, malignant tendency and possible tissue of origin of cage bird tumours are considered. The general health, bodily condition and distant effects of the tumour on the host bird are assessed. Medical treatments, being seldom of appreciable value are briefly considered and surgical approaches and techniques, illustrated by line drawings, are outlined for the more common tumour conditions. Factors influencing survival rate, surgical success and short and long term prognosis are listed and briefly discussed. Résumé— L'endroit, la taille, la forme, la consistance, les structures, le potentiel d'agrandissement, les tendances malignes et le tissu d'origine des tumeurs des oiseaux en cage sont considérés. L'état général de santé, l'état du corps et les effets éloignés de la tumeur de l'oiseau sont établis. Les traîtements médicaux, rarement d'une valeur apprêiable sont brièvement considérés, et l'approche et la technique chirurgicale, illustrès par des dessins, sont soulignés pour les conditions tuméreuses les plus communes. Les facteurs influencant le degré de survivance, le succès chirurgical et les pronostics à court ou long terme sont énumérés et brièvement discutés. Zusammenfassung— Die Stelle, Grösse, Form, Konsistenz, betroffenen Schichten, das wahrscheinliche Wachstum, bösartige Tendenzen und mögliche Ursprungsgewebe von Geschwulsten bei Zimmervögeln werden erwogen. Der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand, körperliche Umstände und weitgreifende Wirkungen von Geschwulsten bei Wirtzimmervögeln werden beurteilt. Ärztliche Behandlung, die selten zu nennenswerten Resultaten führt, wird kurz besprochen und operative Eingriffe und Methoden, welche durch Federzeichnungen illustriert sind, werden von häufiger vorkommenden Geschwulsten umrissen. Faktoren, welche die Überlebensquote, den Operationserfolg und kurz- sowie langfristig Prognosen beeintrachtigen, sind angeführt und kurz besprochen.     

Conditions of the Beak and Claw in the Budgerigar

Abstract— Relevant points of embryology and anatomy are outlined.
Deformity and disease of these structures is discussed from an aetiological standpoint under the headings: congenital and hereditary, mechanical, dietary, parasitic, infectious, neoplastic, metabolic, and psychogenic conditions.
Prophylaxis and treatment of some common conditions are discussed.
Résumé— L'auteur expose à grands traits les aspects de l'embryologie et de l'anatomie ayant rapport aux maladies du bec et du pied chez les perruches inséparables.
Il discute les difformités et les maladies de ces organes d'un point de vue étiologique, sous les, rubriques: maladies congénitales et héréditaires, mécaniques, alimentaires, parasitaires, infectieuses néoplasiques, méaboliques et psychogènes.
Il expose la prophylaxie et le traitement de quelques maladies communes.
Zusammenfassung— Wichtige entwicklungsgeschichtliche und anatomische Tatsachen werden umrissen.
Missbildung und Erkrankung dieser Gebilde werden vom ätiologischen Gesichtspunkt her unter den Überschriften besprochen:—angeborene, vererbte, mechanische, diätetische, parasitäre, infektiöse, neoplastische, stoffwechselbezogene und psychogene Entstehungsbedingungen.
Prophylaxe und Behandlung für einige, häufig vorkommende Bedingungen werden erörtert.     

Design,National Imaginaries,and the Home Furnishings Commodity Chain

ABSTRACT This paper introduces the concept of national imaginaries as a means of foregrounding the continuing influence of ideas about the nation on understandings of commodity production and circulation. National imaginaries are of crucial importance to the home furnishings commodity network, flowing across sites of consumption, retailing, design, and production. Drawing upon the findings of a larger cross‐national research project, the paper discusses three cases in which the characterisation of distinctive national design identities was particularly prominent. These include the representation of designers in the UK and Canada as “national heroes,” and the tendency to measure British and Canadian design against a third national imaginary: that of Italy. A final case considers discursive constructions of national economic trajectories—of “success” or “failure”—within accounts of the British and Canadian furniture industries. It is argued that future work on the differentiating advantages, which may accrue to creative or cultural industries in particular localities, also should be attentive to the ways in which the place of the nation is used to construct imaginative geographies.