苜蓿对奶牛业的发展有重要作用

苜蓿(Medicigosativa)是一种优质高产,各种家畜都喜食的多年生豆科牧草,它是世界上广泛种植的优良牧草,也是我国种植面积最大,分布最广的人工牧草,以“牧草之王”而著称。苜蓿不仅产量高,而且草质优良,各种营养成分齐全,营养价值高,尤其是粗蛋白质、维生素和无机盐含量丰富,干物质中粗蛋白质含量15%～25%。优质苜蓿干草的粗蛋白含量通常在18%以上(风干基础),高于几乎所有的禾本科牧草、籽实类能量饲料和秸秆,是奶牛良好的蛋白质来源。青饲或青贮饲喂奶牛可增加产奶量,无论是青饲、青贮或调制干草,均可与精饲料媲美。而且种植苜蓿在改土肥田…     

饲料中抗营养因子--单宁的含量分析方法

针对近年来单宁在动物营养上的最新研究成果,本文重点阐述了饲料中缩合单宁、可水解单宁和总酚类化合物的分析方法。旨在为更好地利用含单宁饲料提供参考。     

品种与冬季覆盖对狗牙根耐寒性和根茎水分含量的影响

在温带，草坪管理者利用狗牙根建植草坪主要关心其越冬率。由于狗牙根对初冬低温很敏感，直到仲冬其抗寒性才能达到最大。因此利用防寒覆盖的管理可以减轻冻害，并能促进休眠后的生长。本项研究在田间进行，历时３年。每年１２月初用粘胶纤维聚脂覆盖草坪，５月末搞通上覆盖物。本文探讨了覆盖对狗牙根耐寒性和根茎水分含量的影响，并对８个选育品种的耐寒性差异进行了评定。用电解质渗漏法和２，３，５－三苯四唑氯（ＴＴＣ）还原法     

影响紫花苜蓿花药培养因素的探讨与分析

从外植体的选取时期及处理、培养基及激素组合、培养条件等多方面分析,影响紫花苜蓿花药培养的因素,并对花粉植株倍性鉴定、驯化移栽和花粉植株的遗传稳定性进行了初步探讨。     

Genetic characterization, pathogenicity, and protection studies with an avian adenovirus isolate associated with inclusion body hepatitis

An avian adenovirus (AAV) was isolated from liver samples of two 2-wk-old broiler-breeder flocks obtained from grandparents vaccinated at 10 and 17 wks of age with an autogenous inactivated vaccine containing the European AAV 8 (8565 strain) and 11 (1047 strain) serotypes (AAV8/11 vaccine). Affected broiler-breeders exhibited clinical signs and macroscopic and microscopic lesions associated with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). The isolated adenovirus, identified as Stanford, was molecularly characterized as European serotype 9. The pathogenicity of the Stanford strain was confirmed after inoculation of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens at 1-7 days of age, causing 100% and 20% mortality, respectively. The level of protection against IBH was evaluated in two broiler-breeder progenies from AAV 8/11-vaccinated grandparent flocks and a commercial broiler flock by challenge at 1 or 7 days of age with the AAV 8 and 11 serotypes and/or the Stanford strain. The broiler-breeder progenies and the commercial broiler flock exhibited protection against IBH after challenge. No significant differences in mean body weights were observed at 3 wk of age in any of the evaluated groups. We conclude that broiler-breeder progenies from 30- to 50-wk-old grandparents vaccinated with the AAV 8/11 vaccine were adequately protected against challenge with the AAV 8 and 11 serotypes and the Stanford strain.     

Colorimetric evaluation of phenolic content and GC-MS characterization of phenolic composition of alimentary and cosmetic argan oil and press cake

The global phenolic content of argan oil and press cake samples (alimentary and cosmetic) was evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method and the phenolic composition of argan oil (alimentary and cosmetic) and press cake (alimentary) samples were analyzed by GC-MS after extraction with 80:20 (v/v) methanol:water and silylation. Identification of chromatographic peaks was made by mass selective detection. Nineteen simple phenols were detected, 16 in press cake, 6 in the alimentary oil, and 7 in the cosmetic oil, among which 15 compounds [3-hydroxypyridine (3-pyridinol), 6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine, catechol, resorcinol, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, vanillin, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, vanillyl alcohol, 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethyl alcohol, methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, hydroxytyrosol, protocatechuic acid, epicatechin, and catechin] were identified for the first time in such materials.     

Comparison of the bioavailability of natural palm oil carotenoids and synthetic beta-carotene in humans

Palm oil carotenoids are a mixture of alpha- and beta-carotenes, which are used as food colorants. They may also be applied as a functional food ingredient because of the provitamin A activity of alpha- and beta-carotenes and their proposed beneficial roles in the prevention of chronic diseases. This paper discusses the results of an incomplete balanced crossover study with 69 healthy adult volunteers to compare palm oil carotenoids with synthetic beta-carotene in their efficacies to increase plasma levels of carotenoids. Four days of supplementation with natural palm oil carotenoids (7.6 mg/day of alpha-carotene, 11.9 mg/day of all-trans-beta-carotene, 7.5 mg/day of cis-beta-carotene) or synthetic beta-carotene (23.8 mg/day of all-trans-beta-carotene, 4.4 mg/day of cis-beta-carotene), added to a mixed meal, resulted in significant increases in plasma levels of the supplied carotenoids as compared to consumption of a low-carotenoid meal (i.e., 7.2-fold increase in alpha-carotene and 3.5-fold increase in all-trans-beta-carotene following palm oil carotenoids; 6.9-fold increase in all-trans beta-carotene following synthetic beta-carotene). As the carotenoid content differed between the treatments, the relative plasma responses were calculated per milligram of beta-carotene intake. These were similar for the two supplements, suggesting that the presence of alpha-carotene does not affect the bioavailability of beta-carotene from palm oil. It was concluded that 4 days of supplementation with palm oil carotenoids or synthetic beta-carotene improves the plasma beta-carotene status substantially, whereas alpha-carotene is additionally delivered by the palm oil supplement.