断根和覆草旱作条件下水稻的产量效应

通过大田对比试验研究了常规水稻与覆草旱作水稻的产量构成、根系呼吸强度以及断根对产量的影响。 结果表明,覆草旱作水稻籽粒产量(5850.9 kg/hm[sup]2[/sup])明显低于常规水稻（6685.7 kg/hm[sup]2[/sup]）,但前者的秸秆产量(5735.5 kg/hm[sup]2[/sup])高于常规水稻(5489.5 kg/hm[sup]2[/sup])。常规水稻实粒占平均单蘖总量的百分数远大于覆草旱作水稻,覆草旱作水稻叶、鞘、秕粒的比例大于常规水稻。覆草旱作的根冠比（0.116）显著大于常规水稻（0.087）,前者的根系呼吸强度是常规水稻的2.7倍。旱作水稻断根后普遍有增产的趋势,而常规水稻则有减产的趋势。常规水稻断1/4、2/4和3/4根系时,平均每穴籽粒产量较不断根的分别下降23％、15％和20％。然而,旱作条件下,断1/4、2/4和3/4根系的水稻较全根的分别增产20％、7％和3％。由此可见,水稻旱作抑制了同化产物向籽粒的转运,叶和鞘中积累了较多的同化产物;旱作水稻根系冗余生长,消耗了大量碳水化合物,可能导致水稻籽粒产量下降。     

Changes in Cardiopulmonary Variables and Platelet Count During Anesthesia for Total Hip Replacement in Dogs

Changes in cardiopulmonary function and platelet count were determined in 22 dogs of various breeds that underwent total hip replacement with cemented femoral prostheses. In 11 dogs (group I) polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was inserted without venting the reamed and lavaged femoral canal. In a second group of 11 dogs (group II) a urethral catheter (ID: approximately 2.7 mm) was placed into the medullary cavity before the insertion of PMMA. The application of PMMA resulted in a decrease in end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PETco₂) until 5 minutes after insertion of bone cement. Increases in arterial to end-tidal pCO₂ gradient [P(a-ET)co₂] and physiological dead space (V_D/V_T) were recorded between 2 minutes before and 5 minutes after insertion of PMMA in 12 dogs. A significant decrease in platelet count occurred in both groups of dogs. Decreases in arterial pO₂ (Pao₂), arterial/alveolar oxygen tension ratio (Pao₂/PAo₂), and percent O₂ saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood (Sao₂) were not statistically significant. No significant differences could be detected between data obtained from both groups of dogs. An increase in femoral intramedullary pressure caused by the insertion of PMMA and subsequent pulmonary microembolism by medullary contents has been considered the most likely cause for changes in pulmonary function. The lack of statistically significant differences in cardiopulmonary variables and platelet count between the two groups of dogs could have been related to inefficient pressure reduction by the method used.     

Oceanographic influences on the distribution of Baltic cod, Gadus morhua, during spawning in the Bornholm Basin of the Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea is a stratified, semienclosed sea typified by a low-salinity surface layer and a deep saline layer of varying volume, salinity, temperature and oxygen concentration. The relationships between these oceanographic factors and the distribution of Baltic cod are presented, utilizing results from a survey carried out during the 1995 spawning period in the Bornholm Basin, at present the main spawning area of this stock. Cod distribution, abundance and population structure were estimated from hydroacoustic and trawl data and related to hydrographic parameters as well as to bottom depth. In the central basin, cod were aggregated in an intermediate layer about 15 m thick. This area of peak abundance was defined at its upper limit by the halocline and at the lower limit by oxygen content. The majority of individuals caught in the basin centre were in spawning or pre-spawning condition with a high proportion of males to females. On the basin slopes, aggregations of cod were found near the bottom. These individuals were mainly immature and maturing stages with an increasing proportion of females to males with size. Salinity and oxygen conditions were found to be the major factors influencing the vertical and horizontal distribution of adult cod. Abundance of immature cod was also positively related to decreasing bottom depths. The effect of temperature was minor. The observed size- and sex-dependent spawning aggregation patterns, in association with habitat volume and stock size, may influence cod catchability and thereby the assessment and exploitation patterns of this stock.     

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY-ANATOMY OF THE NORMAL FELINE NASOLACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Computed tomography (CT) of the nasolacrimal drainage system with and without contrast medium (barium sulfate) was used to create an anatomic basis for clinical evaluation in domestic cats. To evaluate and compare the anatomical findings, three casts were carried out and were followed by CT examinations. These CT series were also used for a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the nasolacrimal drainage system within surrounding structures. In noncontrast CT images, osseous structures limiting the nasolacrimal drainage system are easily recognizable. In most cats, this allows the identification of the nasolacrimal drainage system even without contrast enhancement. A distal part of the lacrimal sac adjoins directly to the respiratory mucosa of the nasal cavity without an osseous protection. Thus, this may represent a predilection site for infiltration of adjacent pathologic processes from the nasal cavity onto the lacrimal sac. The nasolacrimal duct begins on level with the maxillary third premolar tooth. The apex of the root of the canine tooth is situated very close to the nasolacrimal duct. This close topographic relation may lead to problems with the nasolacrimal drainage system. In domestic cats the nasolacrimal drainage system consists of a descending and a horizontal part, which form an angle of approximately 90 degrees for unhindered drainage of the lacrimal fluid.     

Pharmacokinetic study of dipyrone metabolite 4-MAA in the horse and possible implications for doping control

The pharmacokinetic behaviour of dipyrone metabolite 4-MAA in serum was determined in seven horses of different breeds after a single intravenous dose administration. A biexponential formula was fitted to the serum concentration vs. time data. The median half-life of the elimination phase ( t _1/2β) was 4.85 h (range 5.04 h), the median volume of distribution ( V d_area) was 1.85 L/kg (range 3.2 L/kg) and median of total clearance was 4.0 mL/min/kg (range 2.3 mL/min/kg).     

根系局部供氮对水稻根系形态的影响及其机理

 通过砂培试验，研究了水稻根系和地上部分（苗）对局部根系供应氮素的适应性变化。局部根系供应氮素对水稻根系形态，生物量及碳、氮分配有明显的影响。无论供氮量高低，供氮一侧均能诱导根系生长发育，表现为供氮一侧侧根长、根表面积、根系体积、根重等明显高于无氮侧，但是根系直径明显变细。供氮侧根系碳水化合物含量高于无氮侧；随供氮量的增加，碳水化合物含量相对减少。根据试验结果，认为局部供应氮素诱导根系生长发育的可能机理是无氮一侧根系的饥饿信号诱导地上部碳水化合物定向运输和分配到供氮侧的根系，从而促进该侧根系的生长发育。     

Integumental Structure in a Friesian Calf with Congenital Hypo-or Atriehosis Combined with Prognathia Inferior

Abstract— The integumental structure in a Friesian calf with congenital hypo-or atrichosis and prognathia is described. The most important feature was the presence of primary hair follicles with full glandular complements but without the hair forming parts (hair bulb with matrix).
Résumé— La structure du tégument d'un veau Frison atteinte d'une hypoou atrichose et d'un prognatisme est décrite. La principale caractéristique est l'existance de follicules pileux primaires possédant l'ensemble des glandes annexes, mais dépourvus de partie productrice de poil (bulbe avec matrice).
Zusammenfassung— Die Arbeit beschreibt die Hautstruktur eines Schwarzbunte-Kalbes mit Hypo-oder Atrichosis, die mit Prognathia inferior gekoppelt ist. Als wichtigste Beobachtung fällt auf, daß die vorhandenen Primärhaarfollikel die voile Ausstattung mit beiden Drüsentypen zeigen, der gesamte proximale Follikelanteil, der das eigentliche Haar bildet (Haarbulbus mit Haarmatrix), jedoch fehlt.
Resumen  Se describe la estructura integumentaria de un ternero frisón que padecía hipo/atricosis acom-pañada de prognosis mandibular. La característica relevante fué la presencia folículosos primarios junto con anexos glandulares completos, pero careciendo de las partes formadoras del pelo (bulbo piloso y matríz).     

Electroencephalographic Power Spectrum Analysis as a Monitor of Anesthetic Depth in Horses

Electroencephalographic (EEG) power spectrum analysis was performed in 18 conscious, adult horses for evaluation as control values for EEG data obtained during anesthesia. Computer-processed total amplitudes for the frequency range 0 to 32 Hz were mainly between 400 and 600 microV, with 80% spectral edge frequency between 16.6 and 32.5 Hz. The highest electrical activity was in the delta band (41.3 +/- 4.4% of total amplitude); there was a less pronounced activity in the beta (34.2 +/- 5.2%), theta (13.6 +/- 1.5%), and alpha (10.0 +/- 1.0%) bands. The applicability of EEG power spectrum analysis as a guide to depth of anesthesia was evaluated in four horses by comparing simultaneously recorded EEG data and clinical signs of anesthesia. Global changes in cerebrocortical electrical activity were detected with a single, monopolar (left frontoatlanto-occipital) EEG lead. Increasing depth of halothane anesthesia was accompanied by a pronounced shift in EEG activity from beta to theta and delta frequency bands, a decrease in 80% spectral edge frequency from 21.5 +/- 2.4 Hz to 12.6 +/- 2.2 Hz, a reduction in the beta/delta ratio of fractional amplitudes from 2.37 +/- 0.84 to 0.49 +/- 0.04, and a slight inconsistent increase in total amplitude from 96.1 +/- 37.3 microV to 185.5 +/- 53 microV. These results show that changes in the clinical signs of anesthetic depth in horses can be described numerically by use of EEG power spectrum analysis.     

Differences in Quantitated Electroencephalographic Variables During Surgical Stimulation of Horses Anesthetized With Isoflurane

The effects of noxious surgical stimulation on the electroencephalogram (EEG) in 15 horses anesthetized with isoflurane were evaluated during orthopedic (group 1) and soft tissue (group 2) procedures. The quantitative EEG variables theta/delta ratio (T/D), alpha/delta ratio (A/D), beta/delta ratio (B/D), median power frequency (MED), and 80% spectral edge frequency (SEF 80) recorded during surgeries at 1.7% end-tidal concentration of isoflurane (ETiso) were compared with values from five nonstimulated control horses anesthetized at 1.7% ETiso. The EEG variables T/D, A/D, MED, and SEF 80 from surgically stimulated horses were significantly higher compared with controls. These differences in measured EEG variables were accompanied by a significantly lower relative power in the delta frequency band and a concomitant significantly higher alpha activity. Because the A/D ratio, MED, and SEF 80 in surgically stimulated horses were significantly higher than in nonstimulated control horses these measured EEG variables may provide a valuable tool for identification of nociceptive transmission in isoflurane anesthetized horses.