The study was conducted in three regional states of Ethiopia: Amhara, Oromia, and the Southern Nations Nationalities and people regional state from August 2007 to April 2008 with the objective of identifying the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes circulating in the region. Two serotypes were recorded from epithelial tissue and oesophageal–pharyngeal (OP) fluid that were taken from outbreaks in study regions of Ethiopia. Serotype O FMDV was identified in Girar Jarso, Yabello, and Ankesha Guagusa districts while SAT-1 was isolated in Surma and Maji districts from tissue samples and this was the first report of the FMDV serotype in Ethiopia. Similarly, the OP fluid samples were found positive for SAT-1 FMDV in Maji and Surma districts. 相似文献
The study was conducted in three regional states of Ethiopia: Amhara, Oromia, and Addis Ababa from August 2008 to April 2009
with the objectives of identifying the genetic diversity of serotypes and topotypes in Ethiopia, and determining the attack
rate and associations of potential risk factors with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) seropositivity. A total of 496 cattle were
clinically and serologically examined for presence of specific lesions and nonstructural protein for FMD, respectively. Of
which, 140 (28.2%) manifested clinical signs and lesions suggestive of FMD, and 219 (44.2%) were seropositive. From a total
of 7,781 animals observed and recorded on a designed format in six districts, 1,409 (19.6%) were infected, and 15 (0.12%)
died during outbreaks of FMD. Epidemiological investigations revealed that the morbidity rate of the disease was 21.1% in
Akaki-kality sub-city, but the mortality rate was <2% in all districts. Furthermore, the mortality and case fatality rates
were relatively higher, 1.6% and 8.9% in calves than the other age groups, respectively. From a total of 33 bovine epithelial
tissue-cultured samples, 19 (57.6%) showed CPE for FMD virus, in which 16 samples had serotype O and EA-3 topotype, while
three samples had found serotype A, Africa topotype, and G-VII strain. Various strains of FMD viruses were isolated in Ethiopia
in this study, and therefore, further detailed studies on the evaluation of available vaccines and the development of a vaccine
which contains cocktails of antigens of FMD virus strains in the country should be encouraged. 相似文献
This study was carried out with the aim of identifying types of gross and histopathological lesions in lungs of camels slaughtered
between October 2009 and April 2010 at Addis Ababa abattoir enterprise, Ethiopia. All camels were originated from Borana and
Kereyu areas. A total of 387 slaughtered camel lungs were inspected during the study period. Of which, one or more gross lesions
were encountered on 300 lungs. Lesions were further subjected for detail gross and histopathological examinations. The occurrence
of pulmonary lesions was 77.5%. The gross and histopathological examination of these lesions had revealed 60.2% emphysema,
21.2% hydatidosis, 18.6% pneumonia, 10.6% atelectasis, 4.9% aspiration of blood, 3.9% pneumoconiosis, 2.6% pulmonary edema
and congestion, 1.6% abscess, 1% pleurisy, and 0.8% granulomatous pneumonia. Most camels had one or more pulmonary lesions
on postmortem examination, but they were apparently healthy during antemortem inspection. Therefore, the prevailing stressful
environmental condition coupled with the existing poor level of veterinary service in camel-rearing areas of the country might
reverse these hidden inactive lesions and thereby contributed for the higher occurrence of respiratory diseases in camels. 相似文献
Marek’s disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative and neuropathic disease of domestic chickens and less commonly, turkeys and quails, caused by a highly contagious, cell-associated, oncogenic herpesvirus. In Ethiopia, MD is believed to be introduced with importation of exotic and crossbred to improve the poultry production and has been reported to be a potential threat to the poultry sector both in backyard and commercial farming systems. This study was aimed at isolation and molecular analysis of MD virus isolates circulating in chicken population in the central part of Ethiopia where commercial farms are populated. From September 2013 to January 2014, clinical and post-mortem examination were conducted on diseased chickens suspected of MD virus infection. Representative spleen and feather follicle samples were collected following sterile procedure, and infectious virus isolation was performed using primary chicken fibroblast cell culture. Cell culture inoculated with suspension of pathological samples developed characteristic MD virus cytopathic effect of rounding of the cells and small plaques. Further analysis of the virus was conducted by conventional PCR amplifying the ICP4 gene fragment from eleven tissue samples using MD virus specific primers. PCR products were further sequenced and analyzed. Nucleotide sequence similarity search of the local isolates resulted a high degree of sequence similarity with Gallid Herpes virus type 2 strain (Marek’s disease virus type 1, JN034558). To our knowledge, the present study is the first report conducted on virus isolation and molecular characterization of MD virus isolates circulated in Ethiopia. Eleven ICP4-like gene fragment (318 bp) sequences generated in the present study were uploaded in the public database (KU842366–76). Further research on virus isolation, genetic characterization, and infection dynamics is recommended targeting chickens of all age groups reared in different agro-ecological zones under different production system.
A cross-sectional serological survey was undertaken in selected districts of different agro-ecology of Jimma zone (Dedo, Yebu,
Seka, Serbo, and Jimma town) from November 2009 to February 2010 to determine the seroprevalence of African horse sickness
virus and associated risk factors of the disease. Two hundred seventy-four equids (189 horses, 43 mules, and 47 donkeys) with
a history of non-vaccination for at least 2 years were selected randomly from the above areas. Sera samples were collected
and assayed for the presence of specific antibody against African horse sickness virus using blocking ELISA. An overall seroprevalence
of 89 (32.5%) was found and it was 24 (51.1%) for donkeys, 13 (30.2%) for mules, and 52(28.3%) for horses. Seroprevalence
was significantly (X2 = 11.05, P < 0.05) different among the different species of equids. Seroprevalence was also significantly (X2 = 11.43, P < 0.05) different among the different agro-ecological areas being higher in highlands 47 (40.5%) followed by midland 30 (34.5%)
and lowland 12 (16.9%). Age and sex were not significantly (X2 = 3.15, P > 0.05 and X2 = 3.38, P > 0.05, respectively) associated with seroprevalence of AHSV. The present study showed that African horse sickness (AHS)
is highly prevalent disease for the horses followed by mules and then donkeys in Jimma zone explained by lower seroconversion
rate. Therefore, control strategy against AHS should target at high risk species of all age and sex in their locality in the
initial stage for better containment of the disease. 相似文献