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1.
Classical “high-lysine” sorghum lines are characterized by smaller seeds than average, due to a decrease in prolamin synthesis and a subsequent decrease in yield. To exploit the natural variation in lysine content and to identify ecotypes with a seed lysine content higher than average, characterized by plump seeds, a method was developed based on root-growth inhibition of seeds growing on a medium containing aminoethylcysteine (AEC), a lysine analogue. By using a collection of sorghum mutants and ecotypes a correlation coefficient of 0.926 between root length and lysine content was established. This method, which uses the root length of plants growing on aec to indicate which lines have a potential elevated lysine content, can be applied for the screening of sorghum germplasm. Since this is a non-destructive method it can also be used at the individual seed level, for example for screening progenies of regenerated plants from in vitro culture to exploit the somaclonal variation. 相似文献
2.
F.R. McKenzie J.L. Jacobs P. Riffkin G. Kearney 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(1-2):1-6
Abstract Effects of nitrogen (N) (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg N ha?1) applied at five different times during autumn and early winter on the N fixation of Trifolium repens L. (white clover) in Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass) / white clover pastures were examined (Experiment 1). Effects of applying different N fertilisers (e.g. urea and ammonium nitrate) at 45 kg N ha?1 in autumn, with and without phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulphur (S) on N fixation were also tested (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, percentage N derived from the atmosphere (percent Ndfa) by white clover varied between 87% and 91% in the period after (24 to 36 days) N application. Increasing rates of N and time of application did not influence percent Ndfa. The amount of N fixed by white clover ranged from 0.8 to 3.7 kg N ha?1 in the period after N application. Increasing rates of applied N produced a significant (P<0.05) linear increase in the amount of N fixed. In Experiment 2, percent Ndfa and amount of N fixed (1.9 to 4.1 kg N ha?1) were unaffected by different N fertilisers, with and without P, K and S, in the period after (37 days) fertiliser application. For both experiments, fertiliser N increased dry matter yield while having no effect on white clover composition. It is concluded that single applications of N during the autumn and early winter benefit pasture growth without adversely affecting white clover N fixation or clover composition. This finding, however, will require further investigation. 相似文献
3.
An attempt to determine the tissue origin of equine serum alkaline phosphatase by isoelectric focusing. 下载免费PDF全文
The main purpose of this study was to ascertain whether isoelectric point determination of alkaline phosphatase (AP) using an isoelectric focusing technique on agarose gels could define the isoenzymes present in healthy equine serum. The isoelectric points of AP extracted from nine tissues ranged from pH 3.5 to 7.5 with all tissues having multiple bands. There was considerable similarity in band pattern among tissues, with only pancreatic and colostral AP having substantially different isoelectric points from the others. Sera contained thirteen bands with isoelectric points ranging from pH 3.5 to 6.2 and as each band was common to more than one tissue it was not possible to define the tissue origin of these by direct comparison with tissue patterns. The intensity of all serum bands declined as foals aged, with the greatest decrease in bands 4 and 5 (numbered from the anode). There was no relative change in the banding pattern between early and late pregnant mares or in the sera of two foals before and after ingestion of colostrum. The mean (+/- SD) total serum AP activities of young foals (1676 +/- 1100 IU/L), three month foals (402 +/- 64 IU/L) early pregnant (190 +/- 54 IU/L) and late pregnant mares (109 +/- 26 IU/L) were significantly different from each other whereas colostral ingestion in two neonatal foals had no effect. We concluded that equine AP is a very heterogeneous protein and that normal horse sera do not contain significant renal or small intestinal derived AP. However isoelectric focusing alone could not differentiate bone from liver derived AP in sera. 相似文献
4.
Comparison of direct and indirect blood pressure measurements in anesthetized dogs. 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
M J Gains K M Grodecki R M Jacobs D Dyson R A Foster 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1995,59(3):238-240
The precision and accuracy of an indirect oscillometric blood pressure measurement technique (Dinamap 8100) was assessed in 11 anesthetized Beagle dogs weighing 8 to 11.5 kg. Direct blood pressure measurements were made by catheterization of the lingual artery, and simultaneous indirect measurements were determined by placing a cuff over the median artery (midradial area). Blood pressure measurements at 2 different planes of anesthesia (light and deep) were recorded in triplicate. At a light plane of anesthesia, the Dinamap 8100 underestimated diastolic and mean arterial pressure, and at a deep anesthetic plane overestimated systolic pressure. The indirect technique had good repeatability of systolic pressures. Regression analysis for the 2 techniques showed excellent correlation (r = 0.93). The results indicate that the indirect oscillometric blood pressure measurement technique provides a good estimate of systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure in dogs weighing 8-11.5 kg. 相似文献
5.
The safety, efficacy and duration of immunity of an improved oil-adjuvant vaccine against haemorrhagic septicaemia, containing inactivated cells of Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2,5, were tested in young buffalo calves in Pakistan. For safety testing, five buffalo calves were vaccinated intramuscularly with twice the normal dose, and six weeks later with a normal dose. Except for a transient rise in rectal temperature at six hours after the vaccinations, no systemic reactions were observed. The buffaloes remained in good condition and had a normal appetite. No local reactions were observed at the injection site. For efficacy testing two trials were carried out. In the first, buffalo calves were vaccinated intramuscularly either with two doses two-and-a-half months apart, or with a single dose, or left unvaccinated. They were challenged subcutaneously with virulent P multocida after eight, 13 or 15 months. After challenge at eight months the four buffaloes given two doses and the buffalo given one dose were protected, whereas the control animal developed the typical signs of the disease. After the challenges at 13 and 15 months, the vaccinated animals were still protected whereas the control animals died. In the second trial, buffalo calves were vaccinated intramuscularly either with two doses two months apart, or with a single dose at two months or left unvaccinated. The buffaloes were challenged after eight or 14 months. After challenge at eight months the four control animals died, whereas three of the four buffaloes given a single dose were protected. After challenge at 14 months, the three control animals died, whereas four of the five buffaloes given two doses and both the buffaloes given a single dose were protected. To test for cross-protection against the heterologous serotypes E:2,5 and B:3,4, groups of mice were vaccinated once or left unvaccinated. Four weeks later, the vaccinated and control groups were challenged with a dilution series of the different challenge cultures. The vaccine appeared to induce protection against challenge with different strains of serotypes B:2,5 and E:2,5 but not against strains of serotype B:3,4. 相似文献
6.
Takken W Verhulst N Scholte EJ Jacobs F Jongema Y van Lammeren R 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,87(1-2):41-54
The Netherlands has enjoyed a relatively free state of vector-borne diseases of economic importance for more than one century. Emerging infectious diseases may change this situation, threatening the health of humans, domestic livestock and wildlife. In order to be prepared for the potential outbreak of vector-borne diseases, a study was undertaken to investigate the distribution and seasonal dynamics of candidate vectors of infectious diseases with emphasis on bluetongue vectors (Culicoides spp.). The study focused primarily on the relationship between characteristic ecosystems suitable for bluetongue vectors and climate, as well as on the phenology and population dynamics of these vectors. Twelve locations were selected, distributed over four distinct habitats: a wetland area, three riverine systems, four peat land areas and four livestock farms. Culicoides populations were sampled continuously using CO(2)-baited counterflow traps from July 2005 until August 2006, with an interruption from November 2005 to March 2006. All vectors were identified to species level. Meteorological and environmental data were collected at each location. Culicoides species were found in all four different habitat types studied. Wetland areas and peat bogs were rich in Culicoides spp. The taxonomic groups Culicoides obsoletus (Meigen) and Culicoides pulicaris (Linnaeus) were strongly associated with farms. Eighty-eight percent of all Culicoides consisted of the taxon C. obsoletus/Culicoides scoticus. On the livestock farms, 3% of Culicoides existed of the alleged bluetongue vector Culicoides dewulfi Goetghebuer. Culicoides impunctatus Goetghebuer was strongly associated with wetland and peat bog. Many Culicoides species were found until late in the phenological season and their activity was strongly associated with climate throughout the year. High annual variations in population dynamics were observed within the same study areas, which were probably caused by annual variations in environmental conditions. The study demonstrates that candidate vectors of bluetongue virus are present in natural and livestock-farm habitats in the Netherlands, distributed widely across the country. Under favourable climatic conditions, following virus introduction, bluetongue can spread among livestock (cattle, sheep and goats), depending on the nature of the viral serotype. The question now arises whether the virus can survive the winter conditions in north-western Europe and whether measures can be taken that effectively halt further spread of the disease. 相似文献
7.
Peter R. Brown Rohan Nelson Brent Jacobs Jacquie Tracey Peter DeVoil 《Agricultural Systems》2010,103(8):562-568
We describe the development of a low cost, repeatable self-assessment process enabling community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) groups to set priorities for building their capacity to adopt sustainable farming practices and adapt to global change. Regional measures of adaptive capacity derived from rural livelihoods analysis were populated with secondary data and used to communicate the multiple dimensions of adaptive capacity to groups of landowners. This conceptual framework was then used to derive locally relevant measures of adaptive capacity via focus groups drawn from pre-existing networks of land managers. The key issue discussed at the workshop was what constrained or enabled private land managers to effectively manage natural resources. This self-assessment process was designed to support dialogue between CBNRM groups, industry and governments to prioritise collective action for building adaptive capacity. The approach was piloted with CBNRM groups across New South Wales, Australia. 相似文献
8.
Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) is a warm-season grass used primarily in pastures and along highways and other low maintenance public areas in Florida.
It is also used in landscapes to some extent because of its drought tolerance. Bahiagrass can survive under a range of moisture
conditions from no irrigation to very wet conditions. Its well-watered consumptive use has not been reported previously. In
this study, bahiagrass crop coefficients (K
c) for an irrigated pasture were determined for July 2003 through December 2006 in central Florida. The eddy correlation method
was used to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ETc) rates. The standardized reference evapotranspiration (ETo) equation (ASCE-EWRI standardization of reference evapotranspiration task committee report, 2005) was applied to calculate
ETo values using on site weather data. Daily K
c values were estimated from the ratio of the measured ETc and the calculated ETo. The recommended K
c values for bahiagrass are 0.35 for January–February, 0.55 for March, 0.80 for April, 0.90 for May, 0.75 for June, 0.70 for
July–August, 0.75 for September, 0.70 for October, 0.60 for November, and 0.45 for December in central Florida. The highest
K
c value of 0.9 in May corresponded with maximum vapor pressure deficit conditions as well as cloud free conditions and the
highest incoming solar radiation as compared to the rest of the year. During the summer (June to August), frequent precipitation
events increased the cloud cover and reduced grass water use. The K
c annual trend was similar to estimated K
c values from another well-watered warm-season grass study in Florida. 相似文献
9.
Clinical, cerebrospinal fluid, and histological data from twenty-seven cats with primary inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
J S Rand J Parent D Percy R Jacobs 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1994,35(2):103-110
The purpose of this report is to present the clinical, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and histological data from 27 cats with inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The cats were part of a study of 61 cats admitted to two university clinics over an eight-year period because of signs of CNS disease. The most frequent diseases were feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) (12/27) and suspected viral disease other than FIP (10/27). Typical CSF findings in cats with FIP were a protein concentration of greater than 2 g/L (200 mg/dL) and a white cell count of over 100 cells/microL, which consisted predominantly of neutrophils. In contrast, the CSF of cats with suspected viral disease had a protein concentration of less than 1 g/L (100 mg/dL) and a total white cell count of less than 50 cells/microL. In general, cats with FIP or suspected viral disease were less than four years of age. Neurological signs were usually multifocal in cats with FIP, but focal in cats with suspected viral disease. The CSF findings were variable in five other inflammatory diseases represented. Two cats with protozoan infection had normal CSF total cell counts but abnormal differential counts. The CSF findings were invaluable in differentiating FIP from other causes of inflammatory CNS disease. 相似文献
10.
Premier RR Jacobs HJ Lofthouse SA Sedgmen BJ Meeusen EN 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2004,98(1-2):77-84
The isotype-specific antibody responses of sheep immunised with keyhole limpet hemocyanin by a peripheral route (intramuscular (i.m.) injection) were compared to those induced by immunisation via different mucosal routes: (1) intra-nasal spray; (2) rectal deposition with cholera toxin; (3) injection into the mucosa of the small intestine or rectum. Antigen-specific IgG1 antibodies were induced in the i.m., intra-intestinal and intra-rectal injection groups and in a proportion of the cholera toxin immunised sheep, but not in the intra-nasal immunisation group. IgA was the only antibody isotype detected in serum collected from the intra-nasal immunisation group. No significant differences in serum IgA levels were detected in any of the mucosal immunisation groups as compared to the i.m. injection group. In contrast, analysis of the in vitro antibody profiles secreted by circulating antibody-secreting cells (ASC) revealed significantly higher IgA responses in the supernatants from all mucosal immunisation groups. This suggests that the measurement of antibodies secreted by circulating ASCs may be a better correlate of local mucosal responses in ruminants, as has been previously demonstrated in human studies. In addition to IgG1 and IgA responses, immunisation by direct injection of antigen formulations into the intestinal and rectal mucosa were the only groups to induce consistently high IgG2 antibodies in serum and ASC cultures. 相似文献