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Objective To determine the regional incidence and effectiveness of treatment of failure of passive transfer (FPT) in foals. Design A study of disease incidence. Animals Eighty-eight foals and 57 mares from four studs in the practice area of the Rural Veterinary Centre were tested. Procedure Foals were tested for their serum IgG and total serum protein (TSP) concentration within the first 72 hours of life. Colostrum was collected from mares and specific gravity determined. FPT and partial failure of passive transfer (PFPT) of immunoglobulins was diagnosed when serum IgG concentrations were < 4 g/L and 4 to 8 g/L respectively. Owners of foals diagnosed with FPT were offered treatment with 1 to 2 L plasma (TSP > 70 g/L); 9 (64%) of the affected foals were treated. Results Fourteen foals (16%) had FPT whereas 15 (17%) had PFPT. There were significant differences between the mean TSP concentration in foals with FPT (42.6 ± 4.2 g/L), PFPT (48.1 ± 3.9 g/L) and those acquiring adequate passive immunity (58.9 ± 5.5 g/L) (P < 0.01). Sixteen (29%) mares had pre-suck colostral specific gravity < 1.060 and 12 (71%) foals raised by these mares had FPT or PFPT. The incidence of severe disease (categorised by a sepsis score > 11, positive culture of bacteria from blood or disease requiring hospitalisation) in all foals in the first 2 months of life was 10%. However, none of the nine foals with FPT that received plasma experienced severe disease. In contrast, foals with PFPT had an increased susceptibility to severe disease (P < 0.001) when compared with normal foals. Conclusion Treatment of foals with FPT may reduce the subsequent incidence of severe disease. Pre-suck colostral specific gravity and foal TSP may be used to predict the likelihood of FPT and PFPT. Even though the number of foals studied is small the results highlight the importance of optimal management practices in reducing the incidence of FPT and disease associated with this process. 相似文献
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JL Yaniz M Lopez-Bejar P Santolaria J Rutllant & F Lopez-Gatius 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2002,37(2):75-80
This review focuses on factors associated with the development of intraperitoneal insemination in mammals. Findings to date indicate that fertility improves as the sperm cell concentration rises, but that the optimal sperm number differs in each species. Sperm washing before intraperitoneal insemination favours fertility. Peritoneal fluid shows a variable effect on spermatozoa, depending on the hormonal status of the female. The optimal time for insemination appears to be just prior to ovulation. The technique may be performed either through the abdominal or the vaginal wall. Verification of sperm deposition in the proximity of the ovaries improves fertility rates. Although associated with some risk of infection and an immune reaction against spermatozoa, the intraperitoneal technique rarely gives rise to severe anaphylactic shock, peritonitis, adhesion formation and the production of anti‐sperm antibodies and these complications may be prevented by adequate sperm pretreatment and antibiotic therapy. The success of intraperitoneal insemination in humans, with results comparable with those of intrauterine insemination in the treatment of infertility, suggest the potential use of this technique in domestic mammals, especially in those in which intrauterine insemination poses practical difficulties. Some of the methods applied in human intraperitoneal insemination, such as confirming the position of the needle in the peritoneal cavity, and sperm pre‐treatments might also improve results in domestic species. Conversely, the use of the animal model should help to develop some aspects of this technique in humans. 相似文献
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Meiotic Response of In vitro Matured Canine Oocytes under Different Proteins and Heterologous Hormone Supplementation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The impact of TCM‐199 supplemented with different proteins and heterologous hormones on the in vitro maturation (IVM) rate of bitch oocytes was evaluated by nuclear staining under fluorescence microscopy. Oocytes were recovered by slicing of ovaries from bitches presented at various stages of oestrous cycle to ovariohysterectomy. The basic culture medium was TCM‐199 supplemented with 25 mM Hepes/l, with 10% heat‐inactivated oestrous cow serum (ECS), 50 μg/ml gentamicin, 2.2 mg/ml sodium bicarbonate and 22‐μg/ml pyruvic acid, 1.0‐μg/ml oestradiol (E 8875; Sigma), 0.5‐μg/ml follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) (Folltropin‐V; Vetrepharm Inc., Ontario, Canada) and 0.03 IU/ml human gonadotropin (hCG) (Profasi HP; Serono, Aubonne, Switzerland). Oocytes were distributed randomly between basic culture medium (control) and the corresponding experimental treatment. Hormone treatments were: oocytes cultured in; (1) medium without FSH, (2) control medium supplemented with 20 μg/ml oestradiol, or (3) medium supplemented with 1 μg/ml human somatotropin (hST; Humatrope, Lilly, Saint Cloud, France). The second experiment consisted of oocytes cultured in medium supplemented with 0.4% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (BSA, fraction V; Gibco Grand Island, NY, USA) instead of ECS, or oocytes cultured in medium with 10% inactivated oestrous bitch serum (EBS) instead of ECS. Oocytes were cultured in 100 μl droplets (up to 25 oocytes per drop) under mineral oil at 37°C in a 100% humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2 in air. After 72 h of IVM, the highest rates (p < 0.05) of meiotic resumption were achieved with the 0.4% BSA supplementation. A positive influence on the metaphase II (MII) acquisition rate was observed with hST supplement. Oocytes cultured with 10% EBS supplementation did not develop to the MII stage. The results in this study show that the protein and hormone supplements to TCM‐199 culture medium tested did not promote the final steps of IVM of bitch oocytes. 相似文献
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O Ramirez A Tomàs J Casellas M Blanch JL Noguera M Amills 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(5):542-546
The vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) has a strong influence on embryonic development and on the formation of the umbilical cord and placenta. These developmental processes are crucial to ensure the success of pregnancy. In this work, we have identified two T306A and C558T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at exons 2 and 3 of the pig VCAM1 locus, respectively. The T306A substitution involves a non conservative Asn to Lys replacement at amino acid position 102, whereas the C558T polymorphism is synonymous. An in silico prediction of the consequences of the Asn102→Lys102 mutation with the PolyPhen software revealed that it is not deleterious. The T306A SNP segregated in the Iberian, Piétrain, Duroc, Large White and Landrace breeds as well as in European wild boars. The C558T SNP also segregated and most of commercial standard breeds. The genotyping of the C558T SNP in an Iberian × Meishan intercross allowed to find a suggestive association (Bonferroni threshold, p < 0.004) between C558T genotype and time the newborn piglet needs to reach the udder (p = 0.013) as well as a significant one with time to make the first ingestion of colostrum (p = 0.003). The biological basis of these associations remains unclear and they should be interpreted with caution. 相似文献