Soil metabolism of the herbicide napropamide in cereals, maize, sugar beet and vegetable field replacement crops

The metabolism of the herbicide napropamide has been studied in the field in the soil of replacement crops (cereals, corn, sugar beet, potato and several vegetables). Napropamide was soil applied in the autumn and the soil left fallow during the winter. Crops were sown in April of the following year and simulated the replacement crops that are grown in the event of failure of the first autumn-sown crop. Trials were made twice, i.e. during the 1987-1988 and 1988-1989 crop seasons. The soil metabolism of napropamide was also studied in a rose nursery. Napropamide was transformed by microbiological processes in the soil into the corresponding monoethylamide and acid. These compounds did not generally accumulate in the soil, and their individual concentrations did not exceed that of residual napropamide during the observed growing seasons. The kinetics, metabolic pathways and agricultural implications of the herbicide are briefly discussed.     

Comparative metabolism of R(-)-fenoprofen in rats and sheep

The chiral inversion of 2-arylpropionic acids occurs in many species. It is a unique reaction specific to this group of drugs. In this study R-(-)-fenoprofen (R-(-)-FPF) was used as a model compound to investigate metabolic chiral inversion in sheep in vivo and in vitro and to compare the data with the results obtained in rats. Metabolic inversion in sheep was 80%. The apparent mean values of Km and V _max of thioester formation were: 392 μm and 2.08 nmol/min/mg in sheep and 500 μm and 22 nmol/min/mg in rats. For hydroxylation, the apparent mean values were V_max: 0.02 nmol/min/mg in rats and 0.01 nmol/min/mg in sheep. There was no correlation between in vitro thioesterification and in vivo chiral inversion in sheep as compared to rats. In sheep most of the thioester formed underwent inversion (80%) while in rats, where in vitro thioesterification was greater, in vivo inversion was less (42%). In consequence, in rats other metabolic pathways for R(-)-FPF-CoA, such as incorporation into triacylglycerols and conjugation with amino acids, may be quantitatively more important     

PET/CT FOLLOWING INTENSITY-MODULATED RADIATION THERAPY FOR PRIMARY LUNG TUMOR IN A DOG

A primary lung tumor in a dog treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy was imaged approximately 6 weeks and 1-year posttreatment with combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography, utilizing the radiotracers 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 18F-fluorothymidine. These two tracers allowed discrimination of tumor from inflammation, and demonstrated spread of tumor along airways over time after treatment. Fusion of functional imaging with anatomic imaging is a useful tool, particularly in the field of oncology, with the potential for PET markers that delineate tumor from normal or reactive tissue, and potential or actual response to therapy.     

TOLERANCE BETWEEN HOST AND DONOR TISSUE IN BIRDS

Two methods were used to develop tolerance in the host toward donor cells. In the first method chicken embryos were joined by the parabiotic union of the chorioallantoic membranes after 9 days of incubation. The second method consisted of the use of embryonic transplants of limb buds from donor embryo to host embryo. These transplants were made after 96 hours of incubation with chicken embryos. Other species used were incubated to comparable development. Both methods were successful in the development of tolerance. However, the degree of tolerance attained varied within each method.     

COMPARISON OF SONOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF BENIGN AND NEOPLASTIC DEEP LYMPH NODES IN DOGS

The differentiation of benign vs. neoplastic lymph nodes impacts patient management. Specific sonographic features are typically considered when assessing lymph nodes in dogs. However, the usefulness of these criteria in distinguishing benign vs. malignant lymph nodes remains largely unknown, especially for deep lymph nodes. Our aim was to compare sonographic features in benign and neoplastic deep lymph nodes with the hope of identifying predictive criteria. Thirty‐one deep lymph nodes (16 mesenteric, 10 medial iliac, three hepatic, one sternal, and one cranial mediastinal) in 31 dogs were examined prospectively with B‐mode and Color flow Doppler. Lymph nodes were aspirated using ultrasound‐guidance and final diagnosis were established based on cytologic and/or histopathologic interpretation. Prevalence of each sonographic feature and combinations of two features was calculated for each group and compared using a χ²‐test or Student's t‐test for unequal variances. Ten lymph nodes were benign (hyperplastic and/or inflammatory) and 21 were neoplastic. All were hypoechoic, except for one neoplastic lymph node. Maximal short‐axis diameter (P=0.0006) and long‐axis diameter (P=0.01), and SA/LA ratio (P=0.008) were increased significantly for neoplastic (2.8, 5.5 cm, and 0.50, respectively) vs. benign (1.2, 3.8 cm, and 0.34, respectively) lymph nodes. The prevalence of other features was similar between groups. Doppler evaluation was possible in 77% of lymph nodes, but there was no significant difference between groups. When any two ultrasound features were combined, the only difference between benign and neoplastic lymph nodes was for the combination of contour regularity and appearance of the perinodal fat (P=0.03).     

Chirality of the sulphoxide metabolites of fenbendazole and albendazole in sheep

Two prochiral sulphide drugs, fenbendazole (FBZ) and albendazole (ABZ) were administered orally to sheep. Blood samples were analysed for parent drug and S-oxidation metabolites and the chirality of the sulphoxide metabolites was determined. The plasma concentrations of the enantiomers of the sulphoxides were never a racemate. On the contrary, the ratios were greater than 1 as soon as the sulphoxide compounds could be detected in plasma. They subsequently increased linearly throughout the time course of the kinetics, reaching the level 86:14 after FBZ and 95:5 after ABZ treatment. The major enantiomer represented 74% and 86% of the total AUC of SO.FBZ and SO.ABZ, respectively.     

木材声学-声波分等检测技术及工业应用

介绍了在应力波-超声波技术基础上发展起来的木材声学-超声波分等检测技术。通过测量超声波的传播速度以及一定时域内的传播能量，建立关系模型，对木材的抗弯弹性模量（MOE）和抗弯强度（σb）进行评估。该技术可在木结构建筑设计、木结构建筑现场调查、森林质量控制和管理等领域广泛应用。     

The Etiology and Surgical Management of Tracheal Collapse in Calves

The mean ages of 10 calves with tracheal collapse were 2.7 weeks at onset of clinical signs and 9.4 weeks at presentation for treatment. Inspiratory and expiratory dyspnea and stunted growth were the most common clinical signs. There were abnormalities of the cranial ribs consistent with healing fractures with redundant callus in eight lateral thoracic radiographs. Tracheal collapse in calves may result from cranial thoracic trauma during or soon after birth. Short polypropylene ring prostheses made from 60 ml syringe barrels were placed on the tracheas of four calves with cervical tracheal collapse. There were cranial rib masses in all calves and resection of the right first and second ribs was necessary in one calf to allow placement of prostheses. Dyspnea was relieved in all calves. One calf died of unrelated causes in year 3, and one calf had recurrence of clinical signs at month 5 and was euthanatized. In both calves, tracheal stenosis resulted from continued growth and infolding of the trachea within the constraints of the prostheses. One calf was alive at month 11, and one calf died of acute bronchopneumonia on day 2. Removal of tracheal prostheses in calves is recommended after 2 to 3 months if clinical signs recur.     

A correlation of toxicity of albendazole and oxfendazole with their free metabolites and bound residues

The possible correlations between embryotoxicity, plasma kinetics of toxic metabolites and covalent binding of metabolites to foetal tissues were studied using two drugs, albendazole and oxfendazole. In the rat, the metabolic inhibitor, SKF-525A, induced changes in embryotoxicity which were well correlated with plasma levels of identified embryotoxic metabolites, but not with the levels of foetal tissue bound drug metabolites.