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1.
Nitrogen management improves lodging resistance and production in maize (Zea mays L.) at a high plant density 下载免费PDF全文
Irshad AHMAD Maksat BATYRBEK Khushnuma IKRAM Shakeel AHMAD Muhammad KAMRAN Misbah Raham Sher KHAN HOU Fu-jiang HAN Qing-fang 《农业科学学报》2023,22(2):417-433
Lodging in maize leads to yield losses worldwide. In this study, we determined the effects of traditional and optimized nitrogen management strategies on culm morphological characteristics, culm mechanical strength, lignin content,root growth, lodging percentage and production in maize at a high plant density. We compared a traditional nitrogen(N) application rate of 300 kg ha–1(R) and an optimized N application rate of 225 kg ha–1(O) under four N application modes: 50% of N applied a... 相似文献
2.
Irshad Ahmad Bashir Ahmad Shahzad Ali Muhammad Kamran Bayasgalan Bilegjargal 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(15):2109-2115
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield and quality of sugar beet genotypes (Beta vulgaris L.). Therefore, a field trial was carried out in Peshawar, Pakistan, during the winters in 2012–2013. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split plots, having three replications. Fertilizer treatments (control, composted manure Higo Organic Plus at 5 t ha?1, Maxicrop Sea Gold seaweed extract at 5 L ha?1, farm yard manure at 10 t ha?1, inorganic nitrogen–phosphorus (NP) at 90:60 kg ha?1, NP at 120:90 kg ha?1 and NP at 150:120 kg ha?1) were allotted to main plots, while genotypes (Sandrina, Serenada and Kawe Terma) were allotted to the sub-plots. Plots treated with the application of NP at 120:90 kg ha?1 produced the highest beet yield (76.4 t ha?1) and sugar yield (11.1 t ha?1), and had the second highest polarizable sugar content (14.52%) and more economic return (Rs. 553,000 per hectare) as compared to control plots. Sugar beet genotype Serenada had significantly higher beet yield (55.5 t ha?1) and sugar yield (7.9 t ha?1) and a higher economic return (Rs. 380,000 per hectare) than the other genotypes. Sugar beet genotype Serenada supplied with NP at 120:90 kg ha?1is recommended for the general cultivation in the agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar valley. 相似文献
3.
Leila Feiz Muhammad Irshad Rafael F Pont-Lezica Hervé Canut Elisabeth Jamet 《Plant methods》2006,2(1):10-13
Background
The ultimate goal of proteomic analysis of a cell compartment should be the exhaustive identification of resident proteins; excluding proteins from other cell compartments. Reaching such a goal closely depends on the reliability of the isolation procedure for the cell compartment of interest. Plant cell walls possess specific difficulties: (i) the lack of a surrounding membrane may result in the loss of cell wall proteins (CWP) during the isolation procedure, (ii) polysaccharide networks of cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins form potential traps for contaminants such as intracellular proteins. Several reported procedures to isolate cell walls for proteomic analyses led to the isolation of a high proportion (more than 50%) of predicted intracellular proteins. Since isolated cell walls should hold secreted proteins, one can imagine alternative procedures to prepare cell walls containing a lower proportion of contaminant proteins. 相似文献4.
Muhammad Sajid Muhammad Ali Khan Wasim Bilal Abdur Rab Zafar Iqbal Sana Irshad khan 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2017,69(3):113-121
Peach fruit is enriched with natural antioxidants but oxidation caused by biotic and abiotic stresses, reduce these antioxidants and consequently effect the quality and yield of the fruit. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to investigate the role of ascorbic acid to sustain the natural antioxidant activity, improve the fruit quality and yield of peach cultivars (Early Grand and Florida King). The peach cultivars, Early Grand and Florida King were tested against four levels of ascorbic acid (200, 400, 600 and 800?ppm) and compared with control as water spray. The foliar application of ascorbic acid significantly influenced anti-oxidant activity and physico-chemical attributes of peach cultivars. However, the foliar application of ascorbic acid @ 800?ppm significantly increased the fruit weight, fruit yield, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, antioxidant activity of fruit peel, with least percent infected fruits and fruit juice pH as compared to the rest of the treatments. Similarly, significant variation was recorded for peach cultivars regarding anti-oxidant activity and various physico-chemical attributes. The maximum fruit weight, fruit yield, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and TSS/TA ratio were noted in fruit of cultivar Florida King. On other side the foliar treated fruit of peach cultivar Early Grand had the highest percent infected fruits, fruit juice pH and antioxidant activity of fruit peel. It is concluded from the significant findings of present research that the peach cultivar Florida King performed better in terms of maximum fruit yield, whereas the cultivar Early Grand produced better quality fruits with high anti-oxidant activity when treated with 800?ppm of ascorbic acid as foliar spray. 相似文献
5.
Shahzad Ali Amanullah Jan Jia Zhikuan Amir Sohail Cai Tie Wei Ting Zhang Peng Manzoor Irshad Ahmad Mati Ur Rahman Ren Xiaolong Liu Xiaoli Xu Yue Yue 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2016,42(3-4):224-229
A field experiment was conducted on silty clay loam soil in the years 2011–2012. Two sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars (Local Black and Local White) were evaluated using various 3 different sowing dates (20th June, 10th and 30th July) and four agrotechnical level (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha–1) at New Developmental Farm The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sowing dates on growth, yield and oil fatty acid composition of two sesame cultivars grown under different nitrogen fertilization. Results showed that cv. Local Black was characterized by significantly higher content of oil (47%), seed yield (696 kg ha–1) and oil yield (335 kg ha–1) while cv. Local White had higher palmitic acid (8%) and linoleic acid (38.7%). Yield and its main components were positively affected by the earlier sowing date. With regard to fatty acid composition, a decrease in oleic and stearic acid and an increase in linoleic and palmitic acid were observed. At early sowing, oleic and palmitic acid decreased whereas linoleic and stearic acid increased. The decrease in the oleic/linoleic acid ratio observed at early sowing, suggests a possible role of temperature on the activity of oleate desaturase in the developing seeds. Intensive technology of cultivation (120 kg N ha–1), compared to the economical technology (40 kg N ha–1), significantly increased the seed yield of both sesame cultivars. This was due to higher number of branches, Capsules m–2, capsules plant–1, seeds capsule–1 and 1000 seed weight (g). The intensive technology of cultivation had a beneficial effect on the content of palmitic acid, linolenic acid and oleic acid in sesame seed. 相似文献
6.
Zahur AB Irshad H Hussain M Anjum R Khan MQ 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2006,53(Z1):19-22
Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) are highly contagious and have the potential to spread very rapidly irrespective of the national borders, causing serious economic losses. These diseases cause high morbidity and mortality in susceptible animal populations. Furthermore, the extent of their consequences may significantly affect the food security and national economics. In Pakistan, the main TADs include rinderpest, peste des petits ruminants, foot and mouth disease and avian influenza. In the present paper the status of these diseases in Pakistan is discussed. 相似文献
7.
Ahmed Al-Busaidi Tahei Yamamoto Mitsuhiro Inoue A. Egrinya Eneji Yasushi Mori Muhammad Irshad 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(7):1159-1173
ABSTRACT Soil salinity is a major abiotic factor limiting crop production but an amendment with synthetic zeolite may mitigate effects of salinity stress on plants. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of zeolite on soil properties and growth of barley irrigated with diluted seawater. Barley was raised on a sand dune soil treated with calcium type zeolite at the rate of 1 and 5% and irrigated every alternate day with seawater diluted to electrical conductivity (EC) levels of 3 and 16 dS m?1. Irrigation with 16 dS m?1 saline water significantly suppressed plant height by 25%, leaf area by 44% and dry weight by 60%. However, a substantial increase in plant biomass of salt stressed barley was observed in zeolite-amended treatments. The application of zeolite also enhanced water and salt holding capacity of soil. Post-harvest soil analysis showed high concentrations of calcium (Ca2 +), magnesium (Mg2 +), sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+) due to saline water especially in the upper soil layer but concentrations were lower in soils treated with zeolite. Zeolite application at 5% increased Ca2 + concentration in salt stressed plants; concentrations of trace elements were also increased by 19% for iron (Fe2 +) and 10% for manganese (Mn2 +). The overall results indicated that soil amendment with zeolite could effectively ameliorate salinity stress and improve nutrient balance in a sandy soil. 相似文献
8.
Organic soil amendments in relation to nematode management with particular reference to India 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The addition of organic materials to soil has been used in managing plant-parasitic nematodes and has resulted in increased crop yield. Research on the utilization of waste materials such as oilseed cakes, chitin, compost, livestock and poultry manures, and cellulosic wastes appears promising for reducing populations of plant-parasitic nematodes. Nitrogen based amendments, plant phenolics, nematotoxic chemicals, development of predators and parasites of nematodes and microorganism stimulation have been considered to be promising agents for nematode management. In addition, organic amendments change the physical as well as the trophic structure of soil, which affects the pathogen development and overall plant growth performance. Mechanisms of action of organic soil amendments in relation to nematode management are yet to be fully explored.Plant Protection Division, Institute of Agriculture 相似文献
9.
Anthony Egrinya Eneji Akinola Agboola Emilolorun Ambrose Aiyelari Toshimasa Honna Sadahiro Yamamoto Muhammad Irshad Tsuneyoshi Endo 《Journal of Forest Research》2003,8(3):215-219
One of the options for achieving an adequate food supply in tropical Africa is by bringing more land into production. This often requires clearing and developing new vegetation areas for agricultural production. In sub-Saharan Africa, large areas of forest are being cleared for cultivation without adequate knowledge as to the consequences of the clearing method employed. This study was therefore initiated to, among other objectives, assess the effects of some forest clearing methods on soil compaction, texture, and micronutrients. Treatments were the following five clearing methods: (1) mechanical (MC), (2) semi-mechanical (SMC), (3) slash and burn (manual) (SB), (4) mechanical – no planting (MCNP), and (5) slash and burn – no planting (SBNP). After clearing, we planted maize and cowpea in every other row during the first year, and planted maize and cassava during the second year in the plots of treatments 1–3. Changes in soil texture, bulk density, and exchangeable Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu were determined. Soil bulk density increased (with depth) in all treatments from the intitial (0–15cm) level of 1.1gcm–3 to between 1.27 and 1.39gcm–3 2 years after clearing, with the highest levels occurring in the MC plots. This indicated that clearing was accompanied by soil compaction. Some changes were noted in soil textural composition, but these were not of practical significance. Exchangeable Mn, Fe, and Cu (0–15cm) decreased markedly after clearing, especially under MC in the first year. Zinc levels changed little during the study period. The decline in micronutrient levels was paralleled by a decline in soil organic carbon. 相似文献
10.
Salinity and sodicity are prime threats to land resources resulting in huge economic and associated social consequences in several countries. Nutrient deficiencies reduce crop productivity in salt‐affected regions. Soil fertility has not been sustainably managed in salt‐affected arid regions. Few researchers investigated the crop responses to phosphorus and potassium interactions especially in saline–sodic soils. A research study was carried out to explore the effect of diammonium phosphorus (DAP) and potassium sulphate (K2SO4) on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) grown in a saline–sodic field located in Kohat district of Pakistan. The crop was irrigated with ground water with ECiw value of 2.17–3.0 dS/m. Three levels each of K2O (0, 75 and 150 kg/ha) as K2SO4 and P2O5 (0, 60 and 120 kg/ha) as DAP were applied. The application of P significantly affected fresh beet and shoot yield while K fertilizers had significant effect on fresh beet yield and ratio of beet:shoot, while non‐significant effects on the fresh shoot were observed. The application of K1 and K2 promoted sugar beet shoot yield by 49.2 and 49.2% at P1 and 64.4 and 59.7% at P2, respectively over controls. In comparison with controls, fresh beet yield was increased (%) by 15 and 51, 45 and 84, and 50 and 58 for corresponding K1 and K2 at P0, P1 and P2, respectively. Addition of P1 and P2 increased beet yield by 37 and 47% over control. The shoot [P] (mmol/kg) were achieved as 55.2, 73.6 and 84.3 at P0, P1 and P2, respectively. The shoot [Mg] and [SO4] tended to decrease with increasing P levels, while [SO4] was markedly reduced at P2. The effect of P on leaf [Na] was non‐significant, but increasing levels of K decreased [Na] substantially at P0 and P1, but there was no difference in the effect of K level on [Na] at P2. Consequently, K application reduced leaf Na:K ratios. Fresh shoot yield was weakly associated with leaf [P] (R2 = 0.53). The leaf Na:K ratio showed a negative relationship (R2 = 0.90) with leaf [K]. A strongly positive relationship (R2 = 0.75) was observed between leaf [K] and fresh beet yield. The addition of K2SO4 also enhanced [SO4] and SO4:P ratios in leaf tissues. The ratio of Na:K in the shoot decreased with increasing K application. These results demonstrated that interactions of K and P could mitigate the adverse effects of salinity and sodicity in soils. This would contribute to the efficient management of soil fertility system in arid‐climate agriculture. 相似文献