代谢酶抑制剂PX对除草剂防除稗草的增效作用

为解决除草剂防除困难的问题,采用室内盆栽试验测定了PX、PM和Mn²⁺三种代谢酶抑制剂对精喹禾灵、莠去津、烟嘧磺隆、硝磺草酮和烯禾啶防除稗草Echinochloa crus-galli的增效作用,测定不同用量代谢酶抑制剂PX对这5种除草剂的增效作用及其与莠去津混用后稗草体内谷胱甘肽转移酶（glutathione S-transferase,GST）和细胞色素 P450（cytochrome P450,CYP450）活性的变化。结果显示,在3种代谢酶抑制剂中,代谢酶抑制剂PX对精喹禾灵、莠去津、烟嘧磺隆、硝磺草酮和烯禾啶5种除草剂的增效作用最显著。不同用量代谢酶抑制剂PX对不同除草剂的增效作用不同,其中75 g (a.i.)/hm²代谢酶抑制剂PX对莠去津的增效最佳,株防除效果和鲜重防除效果分别增加了35.33个百分点和37.33个百分点。莠去津与代谢酶抑制剂PX混用后,稗草体内GST和CYP450活性均较对照显著降低。表明除草剂与代谢酶抑制剂PX混用能增加除草剂对稗草的防除效果,可以达到减施除草剂的目的。     

从动物毛中提取DNA研究初探

利用蛋白酶Ｋ分解毛发蛋白，并使用酚和氧仿除去蛋白质杂质方法提取毛中ＤＮＡ。结果测量获得的数据和曲线表明：动物脱落毛发以及从保存多年标本获得的毛发均可用来提取到具有一定纯度和数量的ＤＮＡ，完全可以满足聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）所需。     

Serine-to-glycine ratios in low-protein diets regulate intramuscular fat by affecting lipid metabolism and myofiber type transition in the skeletal muscle of growing-finishing pigs

Serine and glycine are 2 of the first-affected nonessential amino acids in low crude protein (CP) diets for pigs. Therefore, we explored the effects of different dietary serine-to-glycine ratios on growth performance and lipid metabolism in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 160 crossbred healthy barrows, with a similar body weight of around 59.50 kg, were randomly allotted into 1 of 5 treatments (8 pens per treatment and 4 pigs per pen). The serine-to-glycine ratios of the 5 dietary treatments were as follows: diet A (NORMAL group), 1.18:1 (16% CP); diet B (LOW group), 1.2:1 (12% CP); diet C (S2G1 group), 2:1 (12% CP); diet D (S1G2 group), 1:2 (12% CP); and diet E (S1G1 group), 1:1 (12% CP).We found that the pigs fed a low CP diet (12% CP), when maintaining serine-to-glycine ratio at 1:2 and a total amount of 1.44%, had the same average daily gain as the pigs fed a normal CP diet (16% CP) (P > 0.05), but they had increased intramuscular fat (P < 0.05). Furthermore, they exhibited higher expression of genes involved in lipid oxidation (P < 0.05), which was regulated by modulating methylation levels in the promoters of acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain (ACADM). When compared with the pigs fed a normal CP diet, these pigs had more oxidative myofibers (P < 0.05), which were regulated by AMPK-PGC-1α and Calcineurin-MEF2/NFAT pathways in a coordinated manner. Our findings suggested that a dietary serine-to-glycine ratio of 1:2 is beneficial for improving meat quality in pigs fed a low CP diet.     

两株气单胞菌的分离与鉴定

从福建省某牛蛙养殖场病死牛蛙和某鸭场病死鸭体内分离到两株细菌，检验结果表明，两株分离菌均为有运动力的革兰氏阴性杆菌。根据其临床症状、细菌培养特性、生化特性、动物回归试验以及溶血试验等一系列试验，研究证明牛蛙感染的病原为嗜水气单胞菌，鸭感染的病原为温和气单胞菌。     

犬附红细胞体感染诊治1例

某地一头犬长期消瘦,在一次出现场回来后突然发病,经临床和血液检查分析,确诊为附红细胞体感染,经及时治疗,该犬已痊愈。现将诊疗经过报道如下:     

动物福利法的历史起源、现状及意义

动物福利法的基本出发点是让动物在康乐的状态下生存,即减少其所受的不必要的痛苦,并且针对不同动物采取不同的福利标准,让人与动物和谐相处,从而推动社会的文明进步。本文对动物福利法的历史起源、现状及意义进行了叙述,并对动物福利法的立法宗旨、福利标准、结构框架及对中国法制进程的影响等诸方面进行了讨论。     

鳄鱼养殖场选址的主要因素分析

近年来,国内兴起建鳄鱼养殖场的热潮,而指导新养殖户们如何进行鳄鱼养殖场选址的相关研究尚未见报道。为此,笔者于2007年6月至2008年7月深入鳄鱼养殖场进行调查,探讨鳄鱼场选址时的主要考虑因素：温度、饲料、市场与交通、水质和安全等,并认为在实际操作过程中,其他的一些因素,如土地权属和水电供应等也不可忽略。     

PCR结合分子杂交法检测鸡传染性支气管炎病毒

利用逆转录－ＰＣＲ（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）特异性扩增鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）基因组中Ｍ基因和Ｎ基因之间一段核酸片段。以ｐＵＣ１９质粒载体将此片段克隆，用ＥｃｏＲＩ和ＨｉｎｄⅢ酶切此重组质粒，回收克隆片段后，制成生物素标记的核酸探针。用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ及生物素核酸探针法分别对ＩＢＶ，ＩＢＤＶ，ＩＬＴＶ，ＭＤＶ及ＮＤＶ进行检测，结果证明该方法为ＩＢＶ特异性检测方法。对人工感染ＩＢＶ的ＳＰＦ鸡口腔棉拭样品进行跟踪检测，证明本方法能在ＳＰＦ鸡接毒后１～１０ｄ内检出ＩＢＶ。