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排序方式: 共有82条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
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2.
Hiroto Miura Takuya Hashimoto Yukiko Kawanishi Hiroki Kawauchi Ryo Inoue Noriaki Shoji Kunihiko Saito Mario Sekiya Yosuke Saito Jumpei Yasuda Chiemi Yonezawa Tetsushiro Endo Hirotaka Kasuya Yutaka Suzuki Yasuo Kobayashi Satoshi Koike 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13601
The rumen microbiota comprises a vast range of bacterial taxa, which may affect the production of high-quality meat in Japanese Black cattle. The aim of this study was to identify core rumen microbiota in rumen fluid samples collected from 74 Japanese Black cattle raised under different dietary conditions using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. In the rumen of fattening Japanese Black cattle, 10 bacterial taxa, showing >1% average relative abundance and >95% prevalence, irrespective of the dietary conditions and the fattening periods, were identified as the core rumen bacterial taxa, which accounted for approximately 80% of the rumen microbiota in Japanese Black cattle. Additionally, population dynamics of the core rumen bacterial taxa revealed two distinct patterns: Prevotella spp. and unclassified Bacteroidales decreased in the mid-fattening period, whereas unclassified Clostridiales, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcus spp., and unclassified Christensenellaceae increased during the same period. Therefore, the present study reports the wide distribution of the core rumen bacterial taxa in Japanese Black cattle, and the complementary nature of the population dynamics of these core taxa, which may ensure stable rumen fermentation during the fattening period. 相似文献
3.
Murase T Imaeda N Yamada H Miyazawa K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(4):853-865
This study attempted to explain the mechanisms regulating boar fertility by examining seasonal changes in semen characteristics, the composition of seminal plasma and responsiveness of sperm acrosomes to Ca(2+) and the Ca(2+) ionophore A23187 (Ca(2+)/A23187). Sperm-rich and sperm-poor fractions were separately collected from 3 mature fertile Large White boars once a month over a one-year period. During the period of study, ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded for within the stall in which the boars were kept and the semen characteristics, composition of the seminal plasma of sperm-rich fractions, and occurrence of the acrosome reaction in response to Ca(2+) (3 mM)/A23187 (0.3 microM) were examined. The highest mean maximum and minimum ambient temperatures were recorded in August-September, whereas the lowest mean maximum and minimum ambient temperatures were recorded in December and January, respectively. There was a moderate peak in relative humidity from July to October. The lowest percentages of motile spermatozoa and of spermatozoa with intact acrosomes and highest percentage of spermatozoa with abnormal morphology and strongest agglutination were seen in August-September. The total protein and albumin concentrations were lowest in August-September. Testosterone levels increased gradually as day length decreased after the summer solstice (June) and peaked in October-November. The percentage of acrosome reactions in response to Ca(2+)/A23187 was highest with the quickest response in August-September, as shown by the shortest time required for 50% of relative acrosome reactions. The farrowing rates were lowest in these same 2 months. These results suggest that seasonal infertility in Large White boars may be due, at least in part, to a combination of low motility, abnormal morphology including acrosomal abnormality, and early occurrence of the acrosome reaction in response to stimulus, possibly resulting from a decrease in acrosomal stabilizing proteins in the seminal plasma during summer. These changes may be modulated by heat/humidity stress and/or photoperiod-regulated testosterone. 相似文献
4.
Ye Tian Kikuo Haibara Hiroto Toda Fangjun Ding Yanhui Liu Dongsu Choi 《Journal of Forest Research》2008,13(4):205-214
Mountain closure, considered an effective and economic measure for natural restoration of degraded forest ecosystems, has
been widely carried out in the karst region of southwest China. The aim of this study was to evaluate microbial aspects of
soil quality after mountain closure by analyzing soil microbial biomass, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, and relationships
with basic chemical properties in Guizhou Province, a karst region of the upper Yangtze River. Soil quality was considered
poor from the low levels of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), and microbial quotient (MBC/total C and MBN/total
N), but high metabolic quotient (qCO2). Soil pH, showing marked variation from 4.1 to 7.9 in this karst region, was proved to significantly affect soil microbial
biomass and activity. Soil microbial biomass, microbial quotient, and soil basal respiration declined significantly with decreasing
soil pH, while qCO2 showed an apparently increasing, but not statistically significant, trend. The changes in microbial biomass and activity
following the change in soil pH could possibly be because of a change in soil microbial composition, and more detailed research
is necessary. Compared with soil pH, soil organic matter content was another, more important, factor that directly restricted
microbial growth because of the serious loss as a result of disturbance. As a practical application based on microbial aspects,
introduction of some N-fixing tree species may be an active and effective measure to improve soil fertility and thus to accelerate
restoration of the forest ecosystem in the karst region. 相似文献
5.
Hiroto Homma Hirofumi Shinoyama Yukihiro Nobuta Yoshie Terashima Seigo Amachi Takaaki Fujii 《Journal of Wood Science》2007,53(1):80-84
Strobilurus ohshimae is an edible mushroom, and it specifically forms its fruiting bodies on buried sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) twigs. In this research, we studied lignindegrading activity of S. ohshimae. We isolated 18 strains of S. ohshimae from various regions of Japan, and determined their lignin degradation rates on sugi wood meal medium. All the strains of
S. ohshimae degraded approximately 6%–12% of sugi lignin in 30 days, and these lignin degradation rates were 1.5–3 times higher than those of Trametes versicolor, which is a typical lignin-degrading fungus. Among the three main lignin-degrading enzymes, activity of lignin peroxidase
and manganese peroxidase was not observed, while 4340U/g of laccase was produced in 30 days. To investigate the effect of
wood species on lignin degradation by S. ohshimae, the lignin degradation rate and laccase productivity on sugi wood meal medium were compared with those on beech (Fagus crenata). In T. versicolor, both lignin degradation rate and laccase productivity were higher on beech than on sugi. Conversely, in S. ohshimae, lignin degradation rate and laccase productivity were higher on sugi than on beech. Therefore, it was suggested that coniferous lignin is not always difficult to degrade for the fungi that inhabit
softwood.
Part of this article presented at the 54th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Sapporo, August 2004 相似文献
6.
7.
Nobuhito Ohte Myron J. Mitchell Hideaki Shibata Naoko Tokuchi Hiroto Toda Goro Iwatsubo 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):649-654
To analyze the differences in the status and processes of nitrogen saturation in Japan and northeastern United States, we examined the hydrobiogeochemistry of nitrogen of forested watersheds in these regions. Two distinct differences were found between watersheds in Japan compared with those in US. 1) In Japanese watersheds, marked decreases of NO3 ? concentration in surface waters during the summer growing season were not found and NO3 ? concentrations sometimes increased especially in the summer at nitrogen saturated sites. This contrast with watersheds in US where decreases in NO3 ? concentration during the summer are commonly observed except those watersheds in advanced stages of nitrogen saturation. These differences in NO3 ? concentration relationships can be attributed to climatic differences, with Japan having high precipitation and high discharge during the summer, while in many regions of North America lowest discharges are found in the summer. The climatic regime in Japan leads to high rates of mineralization and the rapid transport of NO3 ? to streams in summer. 2) Japanese watersheds, even those with high NO3 ? concentrations in surface waters, show little evidence of acidification. This is in contrast to sites in US where increased NO3 ? concentrations, especially during episodic events, result in surface water acidification. 相似文献
8.
Noguchi Y Nagata H Koganei H Kodera Y Hiroto M Nishimura H Inada Y Matsushima A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(12):3540-3543
An aminopeptidase, Jc-peptidase, was purified from Japanese cedar pollen by seven steps, including precipitation with ammonium sulfate, ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-agarose, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Purified Jc-peptidease has a molecular weight of 42 kDa and hydrolyzes the synthetic substrates of L-phenylalanyl-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (Phe-MCA) with Km = 5 x 10(-5) M, Tyr-MCA with Km = 7 x 10(-4) M, Leu-MCA with Km = 1 x 10(-3) M, and Met-MCA with Km = 1 x 10(-3) M. Other MCA analogues such as Arg-MCA or Glu-MCA failed to serve as its substrates. The activity was inhibited in the presence of phebestin, [(2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoyl-L-valyl]-L-phenylalanine, with Ki = 4.7 x 10(-5) M, or bestatin, [(2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoyl]-L-leucine, with Ki = 1.1 x 10(-4) M. According to amino acid sequence analysis, the N-terminal amino group seems to be blocked. The physiological function of the aminopeptidase (Jc-peptidase) has not been clarified in vivo. 相似文献
9.
10.
Kigoshi K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,156(3777):932-934
Local fractionation of uranium and thorium, between minerals within a sample of igneous rock at the time of crystallization, makes it possible to date its solidification by use of ionium and uranium. Results on samples of granite, pumice, and lava suggest that this method of dating is reliable. 相似文献