Effect of miconazole nitrate on immunological response and its preventive efficacy in Labeo rohita fingerlings against oomycetes Saprolegnia parasitica

This study evaluated the effect of sublethal doses of antifungal drug miconazole nitrate (MCZ) on immunological responses and its role as a prophylactic drug against S. parasitica in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Fish were fed with sublethal doses of MCZ, that is, T1—6.30 mgMCZ kgBW^?1, T2—12.61 mgMCZ kgBW^?1 and T3—25.22 mgMCZ kgBW^?1, and sampling was done at different time intervals for 240 hr. Immunological parameters viz. lysozyme activity, oxygen radical production and plasma antiprotease activity showed significant enhancement (p < 0.05) in fish fed with T2 and T3 doses. Expression of immune‐relevant genes such as TLR‐22 and β2‐M showed significantly higher expression at 6 hr and 24 hr of sampling in both liver and head kidney. However, these genes showed a downregulation after 120 hr of sampling in both the tissues. Preventive efficacy study showed that single dose of MCZ provides protection against oomycetes up to the fourth day of infection. Significantly higher mortality was observed in control diet‐fed fish as compared to fish fed with MCZ medicated diet. Thus, it can be concluded that the MCZ can act as a potent antifungal agent for preventing oomycetes infection as well as to enhance the immune response.     

Effect of Ocimum sanctum Linn. (Tulsi) extract on the immunity and survival of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

A 60 days study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of water extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaf on the immune response and disease resistance of Labeo rohita fingerlings against the Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Ocimum sanctum extract was incorporated in the diets (at 0.0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1%) of Labeo rohita, rohu fingerlings (6.6 ± 0.013 g). After 42 days blood, plasma and serum were sampled to determine super oxide anion production, lysozyme activity, total immunoglobulin in plasma, blood glucose, serum total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin:globulin ratio, WBC, RBC, haemoglobin content. Fish were challenged with A. hydrophila after 42 days and mortalities were recorded over 18 days post infection. The results demonstrate enhanced super oxide anion production, lysozyme activity, total immunoglobulin in plasma, serum total protein, globulin, total RBC counts, total WBC counts and haemoglobin content (P < 0.05) in treatments group compared with control group. Dietary O. sanctum extracts of 0.2% showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher protection relative percentage survival (RPS 40.00 ± 5.773%) against A. hydrophila infection than control. These results indicate that O. sanctum leaf extract stimulates the immunity and makes L. rohita more resistant to bacterial infection (A. hydrophila).     

不饱和聚酯改性松香用于抑制火箭推进剂

合成了以丙二醇、邻苯二甲酸和马来酸酐为基料并以松香改性及苯乙烯固化的４种不饱和硬质树脂。讨论了反应条件、用量对产物性能的关系，鉴定其抗热、碱、酸的性能、胶化时间，放热峰温，对水和硝化甘油的吸收。作出作为火箭燃料主抑制剂隔离涂层材料的评价。     

歧化松香缩水甘油醚酯(英文)

歧化松香是一种广泛使用于合成橡胶生产的改性松香。由于酸价高以及其他不理想的性能,歧化松香在涂料领域中的直接使用受到阻碍。本文介绍了以缩水甘油醚为基础制备歧化松香树脂的方法,所制成的树脂可以广泛使用于制油漆、清漆、天然漆以及其它各种用途。这些酯类已制成苯乙烯改性的醇酸树脂而被进一步评价。     

Spectroscopic comparison of lignin separated by electrolysis and acid precipitation of wheat straw soda black liquor

Electrolysis experiments were carried out with wheat straw soda black liquor. Organics from black liquor were electrodeposited at the anode. These organics were studied for their FTIR and NMR spectra and compared with those separated by acid precipitation of black liquor. The electrodeposited organics were found to be chemically distinct from those obtained by the acidification of the black liquor. Notably, they differed in the characteristic features of the aromatic part from hitherto known lignin formulations as revealed by the absence of signals for quaternary aromatic carbon between δ 129 and δ155 ppm in their ¹³C NMR spectra and higher proportion of aromatic protons in their ¹H NMR spectra. The hydroxyl environment was also found to be different by the shift in OH stretching band to higher frequency. Other significant differences were noted in the FTIR and NMR spectra of the electrodeposited solids from those of acid precipitated solids.     

Purification, characterization and expression kinetics of heat shock protein 70 from Bubalus bubalis

The present work on Bubalus bubalis (buffalo) was designed to study heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) induction in lymphocytes, its purification and characterization. HSP70 induction and expression kinetics at different temperatures and time durations were also studied. HSP70 purification was carried out by immunoaffinity chromatography using adenosine di-phosphate (ADP-agarose column) and the characterization of the purified protein was done using western blotting by mouse monoclonal anti-HSP70. The molecular weight of HSP70 of buffalo lymphocytes was found to be approximately of 68 kDa and was less than that of bovine brain HSP70. The purified HSP70 was assessed using indirect inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A good amount of HSP70 (1430 ηg HSP70/100 μl) was recovered after purification, out of the total 2040.40 ηg of HSP70/100 μl of cell supernatant. To assess the impact of temperature and time dependent variability in the induction and expression pattern of HSP70, buffalo lymphocytes were subjected to three different temperature treatments, viz.: (I) 38 °C for 48 h and further exposed the same cells at 45 °C for 3 h, (II) 42 °C for 3 h, and (III) 45 °C for 3 h, respectively. The respective cell viability was found to be 68%, 63%, and 51%. The HSP70 levels were 58.30 ± 4.37, 42.59 ± 9.04 and 21.95 ± 6.79 ng/million cells, respectively, at three temperature exposures. The results indicates that higher intensity and duration of temperature exposure cause higher HSP70 induction in buffalo lymphocytes to maintain cellular homeostasis with a threshold of thermal dose for maximum HSP70 expression. However immediate induction of HSP70 in the lymphocytes was dependent on magnitude of thermal exposure (stress level) and time of thermal exposure (stress duration). The present study on HSP70 and its induction will help likely to solve the problems related to the present scenario of thermo-adaptability in buffaloes.