Utilization of digital differential display to identify differentially expressed genes related to rumen development

This study aimed to identify the genes associated with the development of the rumen epithelium by screening for candidate genes by digital differential display (DDD) in silico. Using DDD in NCBI's UniGene database, expressed sequence tag (EST)‐based gene expression profiles were analyzed in rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum and other tissues in cattle. One hundred and ten candidate genes with high expression in the rumen were derived from a library of all tissues. The expression levels of 11 genes in all candidate genes were analyzed in the rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum of nine Japanese Black male calves (5‐week‐old pre‐weaning: n = 3; 15‐week‐old weaned calves: n = 6). Among the 11 genes, only 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), aldo‐keto reductase family 1, member C1‐like (AKR1C1), and fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) showed significant changes in the levels of gene expression in the rumen between the pre‐ and post‐weaning of calves. These results indicate that DDD analysis in silico can be useful for screening candidate genes related to rumen development, and that the changes in expression levels of three genes in the rumen may have been caused by weaning, aging or both. © 2015 Japanese Society of Animal Science     

Glutathione content of in vivo and in vitro matured canine oocytes collected from different reproductive stages

Glutathione (GSH) concentrations of oocytes are considered as an important marker of the cytoplasmic maturation. The present study was designed to compare GSH concentrations of in vivo and in vitro matured canine oocytes. In vivo matured oocytes were collected 72 hr after ovulation by flushing fallopian tubes after laparotomy. Ovaries were collected from bitches with different reproductive stages, and collected oocytes were divided into 2 groups according to the size viz. < 120 microm and > 120 microm in diameter and cultured for 72 hr in Tissue Culture Medium-199 supplemented with 10% FBS, 2.2 mg/ml sodium bicarbonate, 2.0 microg/ml estrogen, 0.5 microg/ml FSH, 0.03 IU/ml hCG, and 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution in the presence or absence of 50 microM beta-mercaptoethanol. GSH concentrations were determined by the dithionitrobenzoic acid-glutathione disulfide (DTNB-GSSG) reductase recycling assay. GSH concentrations of immature canine oocytes were 2.9 and 3.8, 3.5 and 6.8, and 3.1 and 6.5 pM/oocyte for < 120 microm and > 120 microm in diameter oocyte groups at anestrous, follicular and luteal stage, respectively (P<0.05). In vivo matured oocytes had significantly higher GSH concentrations compared with in vitro matured oocytes. The GSH content was 19.2 pM/oocyte for in vivo matured oocytes, while 4.1 to 8.1 and 5.7 to 13.2 pM/oocyte for in vitro matured oocytes cultured in the absence or presence of beta-mercaptoethanol, respectively (P<0.05). Presence of beta-mercaptoethanol increased GSH synthesis in canine oocytes cultured in vitro, and oocytes collected from follicular and luteal stage was superior to anestrus oocytes.     

白背飞虱爆发规律及防治研究

】江淮稻区白背飞虱呈迁入代至主害代的爆发型相,发生程度为基数决定型。根据白背飞虱历年田间系统调查资料和灯下虫量的逐步回归分析,证明江淮稻区主害代（２代）发生程度与迁入峰后７月１５日白背飞虱总虫量显著相关（Ｒ２＝０．７１０７）,并分别建立白背飞虱预警指标。以为害损失５％以下为标准,主害代高峰期虫量为１５头／穴,比原防治指标稍宽。由此提出病虫兼治的防治对策和技术规范,比原传统方法少用药１次。     

《名特优绿茶初加工技术研究及示范项目》实施方法与成效初报

本文对《名特优绿茶初加工技术研究及示范》项目的实施方法与初步成效进行了回顾与总结,归纳提出主要的实施技术方法与途径,排查疑难,增强信心;开展调研,加强交流;规范工艺,控制质量;引进设备,改良产品;产品创优,规模发展,为提高优质率寻求技术途径。     

Forest condition and management in Swedish forest commons

Forest commons are regarded as a means to support local development and sustainable forest conditions. To evaluate the development impact of Swedish forest commons, comparative surveys have been undertaken in three regions, and the differences in forest condition and management between categories of commons as well as their relation to other forest ownerships have been assessed. Regional differences between the by-laws, historical development and geographical conditions are apparent. It is concluded that two of three regions have an overly restrictive harvesting policy given the purpose of the forest commons and the official forest policy. The study results underline the importance of evaluation of the performance of forest management in relation to management objectives, to ownership alternatives and to the impact of local variations in preconditions.     

耐高温植酸酶用于颗粒饲料对肉鸡生产性能及钙、磷利用率的影响

试验旨在研究肉仔鸡低磷日粮颗粒饲料中添加耐高温植酸酶对肉鸡生产性能及钙、磷利用率的影响。选取1日龄AA+肉仔鸡,随机分为6个处理,分别饲喂处理1(正对照,正常磷水平)、处理2(负对照,低于正常磷水平)、处理3(负对照+500U植酸酶)、处理4(高磷替代+500U植酸酶)、处理5(负对照+1000U植酸酶)和处理6(高磷替代+1000U植酸酶)试验日粮。试验结果表明:在制粒饲料中添加耐高温植酸酶是可行的。在相同有效磷水平下,随着植酸酶添加水平的提高,出栏体重有增加的趋势;在相同植酸酶添加量的条件下,随着有效磷替代水平的提高,出栏体重有降低的趋势。添加植酸酶有增加胫骨灰分和磷含量的趋势。在正常替代水平下,植酸酶的添加量以500～1000U/kg为宜。在本试验条件下,日粮添加500～1000U/kg植酸酶的情况下,进行磷酸氢钙的高水平替代也是可行的。     

Cloned calves derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos cultured in chemically defined medium or modified synthetic oviduct fluid

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is considered to be a critical tool for propagating valuable animals. To determine the productivity calves resulting from embryos derived with different culture media, enucleated oocytes matured in vitro were reconstructed with fetal fibroblasts, fused, and activated. The cloned embryos were cultured in modified synthetic oviduct fluid (mSOF) or a chemically defined medium (CDM) and developmental competence was monitored. After 7 days of culturing, the blastocysts were transferred into the uterine horn of estrus-synchronized recipients. SCNT embryos that were cultured in mSOF or CDM developed to the blastocysts stages at similar rates (26.6% vs. 22.5%, respectively). A total of 67 preimplantational stage embryos were transferred into 34 recipients and six cloned calves were born by caesarean section, or assisted or natural delivery. Survival of transferred blastocysts to live cloned calves in the mSOF and the CDM was 18.5% (to recipients), 9.6% (to blastocysts) and 42.9% (to recipients), 20.0% (to blastocysts), respectively. DNA analysis showed that all cloned calves were genetically identical to the donor cells. These results demonstrate that SCNT embryos cultured in CDM showed higher viability as judged by survival of the calves that came to term compared to blastocysts derived from mSOF cultures.     

江苏省旱育秧及抛栽稻田病虫演变规律和防治策略研究

对江苏省旱育秧和抛栽田病虫演变特征及防治对策研究表明,旱秧田主要地下害虫为蝼蛄、蚯蚓。恶苗病、苗稻瘟发病率分别是水秧田的０．９１～２．１５倍和５倍,青枯和立枯病明显上升,而１代螟虫产卵量、螟害率明显轻于水秧田。抛秧田发生病虫种类相同,但纹枯病、螟虫、卷叶螟发生明显重于常规栽插田,稻飞虱发生轻于常规手栽田。     

Evaluation of a competitive ELISA for antibody detection against avian influenza virus

Active serologic surveillance is necessary to control the spread of the avian influenza virus (AIV). In this study, we evaluated a commercially-available cELISA in terms of its ability to detect AIV antibodies in the sera of 3,358 animals from twelve species. cELISA detected antibodies against reference H1- through H15-subtype AIV strains without cross reactivity. Furthermore, the cELISA was able to detect antibodies produced following a challenge of the AIV H9N2 subtype in chickens, or following vaccination of the AIV H9 or H5 subtypes in chickens, ducks and geese. Next, we tested the sensitivity and specificity of the cELISA with sera from twelve different animal species, and compared these results with those obtained by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test, the "gold standard" in AIV sera surveillance, a second commercially-available cELISA (IZS ELISA), or the agar gel precipitation (AGP) test. Compared with the HI test, the sensitivities and specificities of cELISA were 95% and 96% in chicken, 86% and 88% in duck, 97% and 100% in turkey, 100% and 87% in goose, and 91% and 97% in swine, respectively. The sensitivities and specificities of the cELISA in this study were higher than those of IZS ELISA for the duck, turkey, goose, and grey partridge sera samples. The results of AGP test against duck and turkey sera also showed significant correlation with the results of cELISA (R-value >0.9). In terms of flock sensitivity, the cELISA correlated better with the HI test than with commercially-available indirect ELISAs, with 100% flock sensitivity.