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1.
铬在增强畜禽抗应激与免疫机能中的作用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
铬是动物所必需的一种微量元素,在动物体内碳水化合物,蛋白质,脂肪的代谢起重要作用。近年来研究发现铬的抗应激和提高免疫机能上有特殊的作用。本文就这一热点问题进行综述。 相似文献
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Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin after intravenous and oral administration of enrofloxacin in dogs 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
K. KÜNG J.-L. RIOND M. WANNER 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1993,16(4):462-468
Rung, K., Riond, J.-L. & Wanner, M. Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin after intravenous and oral administration of enrofloxacin in dogs. J. vet
Four dogs were given 5 mg/kg body weight enrofloxacin intravenously (i.v.) and orally (p.o.) in a cross-over study. Plasma concentrations of the active ingredient enrofloxacin and its main metabolite ciprofloxacin were determined by a reversed phase liquid chromatographic method. Pharmacokinetic parameters of both substances were calculated by use of statistical moments and were compared to those of enrofloxacin described in the veterinary literature. Mean enrofloxacin t½λZ was 2.4 h, mean Cls was 27.1 ml/min-kg, and mean Vss was 7.0 1/kg. After i.v. and p.o. administration, concentrations of ciprofloxacin exceeding minimal inhibitory concentrations of several microorganisms were reached (Cmax = 0.2 ng/ml, max = 2.2 h after intravenous administration; Cmax = 0.2 (ig/ml, t max = 3.6 h after oral administration). A considerable part of the antimicrobial activity is due to ciprofloxacin, the main metabolite of enrofloxacin. 相似文献
Four dogs were given 5 mg/kg body weight enrofloxacin intravenously (i.v.) and orally (p.o.) in a cross-over study. Plasma concentrations of the active ingredient enrofloxacin and its main metabolite ciprofloxacin were determined by a reversed phase liquid chromatographic method. Pharmacokinetic parameters of both substances were calculated by use of statistical moments and were compared to those of enrofloxacin described in the veterinary literature. Mean enrofloxacin t
3.
S E Heath S K Voeks L T Glickman 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,218(12):1898-1904
OBJECTIVE: To describe epidemiologic features of pet evacuation failure after a hazardous chemical spill in which residents had no warning and only a few hours notice to evacuate. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Pet-owning households that evacuated from a hazardous chemical spill with (n = 119) or without (122) their pets. Procedures-Evacuees were surveyed by mail. RESULTS: 261 of 433 (60.3%) dogs and cats in 241 households were not evacuated. Of the 241 households, 119 (49.4%) evacuated with their pets, 98 (40.7%) evacuated without them but later attempted to rescue them, and 24 (10.0%) neither evacuated their pets nor attempted to rescue them. Pet evacuation failure was most common in households that thought the evacuated area was safe for pets. Risk of pet evacuation failure increased in households with many animals, low pet attachment and commitment scores, and low levels of preparedness. Cat evacuation failure was associated with not having cat carriers. Nearly 80% of households that evacuated with their pets found accommodation with friends and family. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Pet evacuation failure was common and jeopardized pets' health and well-being. Logistical challenges to transporting pets were substantial contributors to pet evacuation failure, whereas not knowing where to house a pet was only a minor concern. Most pet owners seemed self-reliant and acted appropriately towards their pets. Such self-reliant behavior by pet owners should be encouraged prior to disasters as part of an evacuation plan for households. 相似文献
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S E Heath A M Beck P H Kass L T Glickman 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,218(12):1905-1910
OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors for pet evacuation failure during a flood. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SAMPLE POPULATION: 203 pet-owning households in a flooded region. PROCEDURES: Persons under evacuation notice because of a flood were interviewed by use of a random telephone survey. RESULTS: 102 households evacuated with their pets, whereas 101 households evacuated without their pets. Low pet attachment and commitment scores were significantly associated with a greater chance of pet evacuation failure. Risk of pet evacuation failure and lower attachment and commitment scores were also associated with pet management practices prior to the disaster, such as dogs being kept outdoors most of the time or owners not having carriers for their cats. More than 90% of owners made housing arrangements for their pets without assistance. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Predictors of pet evacuation failure are usually present before a disaster strikes and are potentially modifiable. Mitigation of pet evacuation failure should focus on activities that reinforce responsible pet ownership and strengthen the human-animal bond, including socializing dogs, attending dog behavior training classes, transporting cats in nondisaster times, and seeking regular preventive veterinary care. Most pet owners are self-reliant in disasters, and this behavior should be encouraged. 相似文献
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聚乙二醇诱导水分胁迫引起水稻光合下降的原因探讨 总被引:30,自引:1,他引:30
在水稻品种Azucena(粳稻)6叶期用不同浓度的聚乙二醇(PEG 6000)模拟干旱处理,结果表明,随着PEG处理浓度提高,净光合速率(Pn)呈下降趋势, 但各阶段起主导作用的因素不同。第一阶段, 在10%PEG处理下Pn显著下降,色素和叶绿素荧光保持不变,气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)反而上升,表明为非气孔因子限制光合速率;第二阶段,在15%PEG处理下色素和叶绿素荧光虽开始变化,Pn继续降低, 并伴随Gs和Ci的下降而下降,因此气孔导度成为光合速率的主要限制因子;第三阶段,在20%PEG处理下Pn继续降低,Gs虽下降,但Ci并没有进一步下降,而色素和荧光参数均进一步下降,此时光合膜的损伤成为限制光合的主导因子。上述结果表明,严重水分胁迫虽使光合机构吸收和传递光能效率下降,但过剩的激发能仍可能导致活性氧积累;尽管水稻叶内启动了超氧化物防御系统,但仍能导致光合器官受损及PSⅡ光化学活性降低。 相似文献
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通过对保存了我国华南面积最大、最原始的热带雨林的海南鹦哥岭4个多月的野外调查,统计该地区有野生种子植物173科825属1706种.根据资源植物的主要用途和生态习性等特点将其归为12类:材用植物、药用植物、油脂植物、芳香植物、蜜源植物、纤维植物、食用植物、观赏植物、饲料植物、绿肥植物、淀粉植物和杀虫植物,介绍了资源现状,并提出保护建议. 相似文献
10.
P.C. MILLS J.C. NG A.A. SEAWRIGHT D.E. AUER† 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1995,18(3):204-209
Vascular leakage induced by intradermal injection of endotoxin, zymosan-activated plasma (ZAP) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) was measured in nine Thoroughbreds using 125-iodine human serum albumin (125 I-HSA) as a marker in the blood. ZAP and PAF produced dose-dependent increases in vascular permeability with the maximum occurring within the first 15 min after injection. The vascular leakage induced by endotoxin was also dose-dependent, but the maximum occurred 2 h after intradermal injection. Intradermal sites previously injected with endotoxin were refractory to a second injection of endotoxin for up to 5 days. However, sites injected with endotoxin and re-injected with either ZAP or PAF remained responsive with increased vascular leakage compared to saline injected control sites re-injected with either ZAP or PAF. Diminished response to endotoxin challenge may contribute to the poor prognosis of endotoxaemia in the horse. 相似文献