National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures

Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.     

Development and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against porcine CD205

The aim of this work was to develop mAbs against porcine CD205 and to conduct a comparative analysis of the CD205 protein expression on lymphoid tissues, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and DCs isolated from the porcine skin. To conduct this study, we generated a monoclonal antibody, designated 1.F6F6, against the C-type lectin-like domain-5 of the porcine CD205 and showed that it recognizes a protein band of ～200 kDa by Western Blot analysis in mesenteric lymph nodes cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the mAb 1.F6F6 recognized 28.5%, 28.1% and 34.1% of cells from tonsil, inguinal and mesenteric lymph nodes, respectively, and 6% of cells from thymus. Analysis of monocyte-derived DCs showed that approximately 20% were positive and activation of the cells with LPS increased the positive population to 36%. Analysis of DCs isolated from the porcine skin showed that approximately 70% of the cell population expressed the CD205 receptor. The development of a monoclonal antibody capable of recognizing the CD205 receptor in swine opens up possibilities of applying new strategies for enhancing vaccine efficacy by using the anti-CD205 antibody for DC antigen-targeting to enhance priming of immune responses.     

猪CD205特性的研究

CD205是树突状细胞(DCs)表达的一种细胞表面受体,在抗原捕获和递呈给内吞途径的过程中起重要作用。CD205除在DCs中表达外,还在胸腺上皮细胞中高表达,但在B细胞、巨噬细胞和T细胞中很少表达或几乎不表达。CD205在大多数动物中均有研究,但在猪中却鲜有报道。本试验对猪CD205及其在参与免疫反应的不同细胞和组织中mRNA的表达进行了研究。运用染色体步移扩增获得猪CD205的完整cDNA序列,长5175 bp,编码1723个氨基酸。Multi-domain structure分析发现,猪CD205与小鼠、人和牛的氨基酸同源性分别为74%、81%和85%。运用定量RT-PCR检测猪的正常组织和细胞,结果发现,CD205 mRNA在猪胸腺和郎格汉氏细胞中高表达。进一步研究猪CD205的特性,将有助于更好地了解该受体的作用,为深入研究抗原定向猪DCs提供参考依据。