日粮抗氧化剂减少肉鸡的腹水症

低死亡率和较高的饲料利用率 ,看来是鸡抗氧化状态得到改善的结果。增高日粮维生素E的含量并应用有机硒可减少肺高压 (腹水症 )引起的死亡。     

Extreme eosinophilia with disseminated eosinophilic granulomatous disease in a horse

Extreme eosinophilia with disseminated eosinophilic granulomatous disease is described in a 4-year-old Arabian mare. Clinical signs included weight loss, coughing, jugular distention, and ventral edema. Cutaneous lesions were not observed. Eosinophilic inflammation was observed in cytologic specimens from the respiratory tract, body cavities, and lymph nodes. At necropsy, a 20-cm diameter intrathoracic mass was observed. Smaller nodules were present in the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, adrenal glands, pancreas, and skeletal muscle. Histologically, these masses and nodules were characterized by infiltrates of eosinophils, macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells, reactive fibroplasia; and multifocal eosinophilic coagula. Microscopically, mild eosinophilic infiltrates were observed in sections of stomach, small intestine, colon, and pleura; however, gross lesions were not observed in these tissues at necropsy. The etiology of the extreme eosinophilia and disseminated eosinophilic granulomatous disease in this horse was not determined.     

Synchronization of oestrus with prostaglandins

Luteolytic doses of the Tham salt of PGF₂ or one of its synthetic analogues cause premature regression of, the corpus luteum between the 5th and the 16th day of the oestrous cycle, inducing, 2 to 4 days after the injection, endcrine changes similar to a normal lultolysis and oestrus. After insemination at the time of this oestrus or at predefined times 72 to 96 hours after the injection, fertility is similar to that in controls. The paractical use of prostaglandins for the synchronization of oestrus in a herd of randomly cyclic animals takes account of the fact that only animals between the 5th and the 16th day respond to an injection. Various techniques are proposed, notably a double injection with an interval of 10–12 days.

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Kurzfassung Luteolytische Dosen eines Tham'schen Salzes von PGF₂, oder einer dessen synthetischen Analogen bringen vorzeitige Regressionen des corporis lutei zwischen dem 5ten und dem 16ten Tage hervor. Als Folge dieser Regressionen entwickeln sich innerhalb 2 bis 4 Tage nach der Einspritzung endokrine Veränderungen, die der normalen Luteolyse und Brunst ähnlich sind. Nach einer Besamung zur Zeit dieser Brunst oder zu vorherbestimmten Zeiten und zwar 72 und 92 Stunden nach der Einspritzung wird die gleiche Frunchtbarkeit wie in unbehandelten Kontrollen beobachtet. Nur ein Teil einer zyklischen Herde reagiert auf Prostaglandin, und es werden daher verschiedene Methoden der Viehwirtschaftsführung zur Überwindung dieses Problems erörtert, wie auch den Gebrauch einer Doppeleinspritzung von Prostaglandin mit einem 10 bis 12 tägigen Abstand zwischen den Behandlungen.

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Resume Les doses lutéolytiques de sel Tham de PGF₂ ou d'un de ses analogues synthetiques causent une reégression prématurée du corps jaunne entre le 5ème et le 16ème jour du cycle provoquant, 2 à 4 jours après l'injections, des changements endocriniens semblales à une lutéolyse normale et à un oestrus. Après l'insémination au moment de cet oestrus ou à des temps prédéfinis de 72 à 96 heures après l'injection, la fertilité est semblable à celle des animaux témoins non traités. L'utilisation pratique des prostaß-landinesd pour la synchronisation des chaleurs dans un troupoeau de femelles cyclées tient compte du fait que seules les femelles entre le 5ème et 16ème jour du cycle répondent à une injection. Différentes techniques sont proposées, notamment la double injection à 10–12 jours d'intervalle.

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Riassunto Le dosi luteolitiche del sale Them PGF₂ o di uno dei suoi analoghi sintetioi causano una regressione prematura del corpo giallo tra il 5^o ed il 16^o giorno del ciclo provooando, dopo un periodo che va dai 2 ai 4 giorni dall'iniezione, dei cambiamenti endocrini simili ad una luteolisi normale o ad un estro. Dopo l'inseminazine, nel momento di questo estro oppure in tempi predeterminati, in un periodo compreso tra 72 e 96 ore dopo l'iniezione, la fertilità è simile a quella jdegli animali di controllo non trattati. L'utilizzazione poratioa della prostaglandine per la sincronizzazione dei oalori in una mandria di femmine cicliche dimostra che le femmine rispondono all'iniezione soltanto tra il 5^o ed 16^o giorno del ciclo. Si propongono diverse techniche, in poarticolasre la doppia iniezione ad un intervallo di 10–12 giorni.

     

A method for monitoringBemisia tabaci and timing spray applications against the pest in cotton fields in israel

A method for monitoring tobacco whitefly [Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)] populations was developed and used for timing spray applications against this pest in cotton. It was found to be successful in tests in eight commercial cotton fields. A trap composed of a yellow plastic plate (15 × 20 cm) smeared on the upper side with a thin layer of glue, was attached to an iron pole which held the plate in a horizontal position above the plants. The traps were placed 400 m apart along the periphery of the field. The sticky plates were changed weekly and the adult whiteflies were counted. When the mean weekly catch per trap reached ~ 100–200 adults, spray applications were carried out. Following this treatment,B. tabaci populations remained low and sooty mould did not develop on the lint.     

Canine bartonellosis: serological and molecular prevalence in Brazil and evidence of co-infection with Bartonella henselae and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii

The purpose of this study was to determine the serological and molecular prevalence of Bartonella spp. infection in a sick dog population from Brazil. At the S?o Paulo State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Botucatu, 198 consecutive dogs with clinicopathological abnormalities consistent with tick-borne infections were sampled. Antibodies to Bartonella henselae and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii were detected in 2.0% (4/197) and 1.5% (3/197) of the dogs, respectively. Using 16S-23S rRNA intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) primers, Bartonella DNA was amplified from only 1/198 blood samples. Bartonella seroreactive and/or PCR positive blood samples (n=8) were inoculated into a liquid pre-enrichment growth medium (BAPGM) and subsequently sub-inoculated onto BAPGM/blood-agar plates. PCR targeting the ITS region, pap31 and rpoB genes amplified B. henselae from the blood and/or isolates of the PCR positive dog (ITS: DQ346666; pap31 gene: DQ351240; rpoB: EF196806). B. henselae and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii (pap31: DQ906160; rpoB: EF196805) co-infection was found in one of the B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii seroreactive dogs. We conclude that dogs in this study population were infrequently exposed to or infected with a Bartonella species. The B. henselae and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii strains identified in this study are genetically similar to strains isolated from septicemic cats, dogs, coyotes and human beings from other parts of the world. To our knowledge, these isolates provide the first Brazilian DNA sequences from these Bartonella species and the first evidence of Bartonella co-infection in dogs.     

RESPONSE OF WHEAT COMPOSITE CROSS POPULATIONS TO DISEASE AND CLIMATE VARIATION OVER 13 GENERATIONS

• Agronomic performance of wheat populations comparable to modern cultivars.• Performance of populations depends on parental cultivar selection.• Agronomic advantage of populations under particular environmental stresses.• Heterogeneous populations better suited to low-input conditions.Since the F₅ (2005), three winter wheat composite cross populations (CCPs) based on germplasm specifically suitable for low-input conditions were subjected to natural selection under organic and conventional management. In the F₆, each CCP was divided into two parallel populations (12 CCPs in total) and maintained continuously until 2018. Commonly used modern cultivars with different disease susceptibilities were grown alongside to assess the agronomic performance of the CCPs. The organically managed CCPs were comparable in yield and foliar disease resistance to two continuously used reference cultivars, Achat and Capo. In contrast, under conventional management the cv. Capo outyielded the CCPs (Achat was not tested), highlighting the importance of parental cultivar choice for specific management systems. The CCPs were found to be moderately resistant to brown rust and even to the newly emerged stripe rust races prevalent in Europe since 2011. Differences between the CCPs were mainly due to parental genetic background and were significant in the first five generations, but were no longer so in the last five generations. In addition, these differences tended to vary depending on the experimental year and the environmental stresses present. In conclusion, the CCPs despite being derived from older cultivars are able to compete with more recently released reference cultivars under organic farming practices and represent a dynamic germplasm resource.     

Induction of Defense Gene Expression and the Resistance of Date Palm to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Albedinis in Response to Alginate Extracted from Bifurcaria bifurcata

In many African countries, the Bayoud is a common disease spread involving the fungus Fusarium oxusporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa). The induction of plant natural defenses through the use of seaweed polysaccharides to help plants against pathogens is currently a biological and ecological approach that is gaining more and more importance. In the present study, we used alginate, a natural polysaccharide extracted from a brown algae Bifurcaria bifurcata, to activate date palm defenses, which involve phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), a key enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism. The results obtained showed that at low concentration (1 g·L⁻¹), alginate stimulated PAL activity in date palm roots 5 times more compared to the negative control (water-treated) after 24 h following treatment and 2.5 times more compared to the laminarin used as a positive stimulator of plant natural defenses (positive control of induction). Using qRT-PCR, the expression of a selection of genes involved in three different levels of defense mechanisms known to be involved in response to biotic stresses were investigated. The results showed that, generally, the PAL gene tested and the genes encoding enzymes involved in early oxidative events (SOD and LOX) were overexpressed in the alginate-treated plants compared to their levels in the positive and negative controls. POD and PR protein genes selected encoding β-(1,3)-glucanases and chitinases in this study did not show any significant difference between treatments; suggesting that other genes encoding POD and PR proteins that were not selected may be involved. After 17 weeks following the inoculation of the plants with the pathogen Foa, treatment with alginate reduced the mortality rate by up to 80% compared to the rate in control plants (non-elicited) and plants pretreated with laminarin, which agrees with the induction of defense gene expression and the stimulation of natural defenses in date palm with alginate after 24 h. These results open promising prospects for the use of alginate in agriculture as an inducer that triggers immunity of plants against telluric pathogens in general and of date palm against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis in particular.     

Multilocus sequence typing detects new Piscirickettsia salmonis hybrid genogroup in Chilean fish farms: Evidence for genetic diversity and population structure

Piscirickettsia salmonisis the causative bacterial pathogen of piscirickettsiosis, a salmonid disease that causes notable mortalities in the worldwide aquaculture industry. Published research describes the phenotypic traits, virulence factors, pathogenicity and antibiotic‐resistance potential for various P. salmonisstrains. However, evolutionary and genetic information is scarce for P. salmonis. The present study used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to gain insight into the population structure and evolution of P. salmonis. Forty‐two Chilean P. salmonisisolates, as well as the type strain LF‐89^T, were recovered from diseased Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus kisutchand Oncorhynchus mykissfrom two Chilean Regions. MLST assessed the loci sequences of dnaK, efp, fumC, glyA, murG, rpoD and trpB. Bioinformatics analyses established the genetic diversity among P. salmonis isolates (H = 0.5810). A total of 23 sequence types (ST) were identified, 53.48% of which were represented by ST1, ST5 and ST2. Population structure analysis through polymorphism patterns showed few polymorphic sites (218 nucleotides from 4,010 bp), while dN/dS ratio analysis indicated purifying selection for dnaK, epf, fumC, murG, and rpoD but neutral selection for the trpB loci. The standardized index of association indicated strong linkage disequilibrium, suggesting clonal population structure. However, recombination events were detected in a group of seven isolates. Findings included genogroups homologous to the LF‐89^T and EM‐90 strains, as well as a seven‐isolate hybrid genogroup recovered from both assessed regions (three O. mykiss and four S. salar isolates). The presented MLST scheme has comparative potential, with promising applications in studying distinct P. salmonis isolates (e.g., from different hosts, farms, geographical areas) and in understanding the epidemiology of this pathogen.