饲粮能量水平对热应激奶牛营养物质表观消化率及血液生化指标的影响

为了研究饲粮能量水平对热应激奶牛产奶量、营养物质表观消化率和血液生化指标的影响,本试验采用单因素试验设计,选择25头健康的泌乳中期中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为5组,每组5头。各组分别饲喂5种不同能量水平的等氮饲粮,泌乳净能(干物质基础)分别为6.15(组1)、6.36(组2)、6.64(组3)、6.95(组4)和7.36 MJ/kg(组5)。试验期共45 d,预试期15 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:1)提高饲粮能量水平降低了呼吸频率,组4、5极显著低于组1、2(P0.01),与组3差异不显著(P0.05)。2)试牛干物质采食量与饲粮能量水平呈显著的负相关关系(R2=0.983 3,P=0.017),组5显著或极显著低于其他各组(P0.05或P0.01);产奶量最高的组4与最低的组1比较,提高了9.0%,差异极显著(P0.01)。3)除钙、磷和总能外,其他养分表观消化率均以组1最高,组5最低,差异显著或极显著(P0.05或P0.01)。4)组4血清皮质醇浓度显著或极显著低于组1、2、5(P0.05或P0.01),血清内毒素浓度显著或极显著低于其他各组(P0.05或P0.01),血清葡萄糖浓度显著高于组1和5(P0.05);组1、4血清肌酸激酶活性显著或极显著大于组2、3、5(P0.05或P0.01),其中组4与组2、3相比分别提高了32.87%和25.40%;血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性为组1组2组4组3组5。综合考虑饲粮能量水平对奶牛产奶量、营养物质表观消化率和血液生化指标的影响,热应激条件下泌乳奶牛的饲粮适宜泌乳净能水平为6.95 MJ/kg。     

Effect of dietary net energy concentration on dry matter intake and energy partition in cows in mid‐lactation under heat stress

This study aimed to determine the net energy requirement of Holstein cows in mid‐lactation under heat stress. Twenty‐five multiparous Holstein cows were randomly allocated to five groups corresponding to five isonitrogenous total mixed rations, with net energy for lactation (NE_L) content of 6.15 (NE‐6.15), 6.36 (NE‐6.36), 6.64 (NE‐6.64), 6.95 (NE‐6.95), 7.36 (NE‐7.36) MJ/kg of dry matter (DM), respectively. Throughout the experimental period the average temperature humidity index at 07.00, 14.00 and 22.00 hours was 72.1, 88.7, and 77.6, respectively. DM intake decreased significantly with the elevated dietary NE_L concentration. Fat corrected milk increased quadratically, and milk fat content and milk energy (MJ/kg) reached the greatest in the NE‐6.95 group with increasing dietary NE_L content. Strong correlations were found between dietary NE_L content and: (i) DM intake; (ii) NE_L intake; (iii) milk energy (E_l); (iv) E_l/metabolizable energy intake (MEI); (v) E_l/NE_L intake, as well as between NE_L intake and fat corrected milk yield (FCM). The suitable net energy required for dairy cows producing 1 kg FCM ranged from 5.01 to 5.03 MJ, was concluded from the above‐stated regressions. Correlation between heat production (HP) and MEI could be expressed as: Log (HP) = ?0.4304 + 0.2963*MEI (n = 15, R² = 0.99, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 0.18). Fasting HP was 0.3712 MJ/kg^0.75 when extrapolating MEI to zero.