黄瓜根腐病致病病原的鉴定

在天津市及周边地区采集病株进行组织分离，同时分离到两类病原菌，经初步的生物学特性鉴定表明，引起黄瓜根腐病的主要病原菌为甜瓜疫霉、尖孢镰刀菌和茄病镰刀菌。经接种试验，认为甜瓜疫霉为主要致病菌。     

褐藻糖胶脱蛋白及脱色方法研究

采用Sevag法、三氯乙酸(TCA)法和Sevag法与三氯乙酸法相结合的方法对褐藻糖胶进行脱蛋白研究,并研究脱蛋白与未脱蛋白对褐藻糖胶脱色的影响.结果表明,Sevag法与三氯乙酸法相结合脱蛋白效果最佳,当Sevag法操作2次,TCA溶液添加量为1.3 mL/10mL多糖溶液时,蛋白脱除率为78.68%,多糖损失率为28...     

THE USE OF IMIDOCARB DIPROPRIONATE FOR THE TREATMENT OF THEILERIA SERGENTI INFECTIONS OF CATTLE

SUMMARY Imidocarb diproprionate (IMDP) was used therapeutically at a dose of 1.2 mg IMDP/kg of body weight against Theileria sergenti infections in Hereford heifers on the island of Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea. In the first experiment IMDP was seen to be at least as effective in reducing T. sergenti parasitaemias as primaquine phosphate (primaquine), the drug normally used on the island. In the second and third experiments IMDP was shown to reduce T. sergenti parasitaemias by about 80%. No drug is known to be completely effective against T. sergenti infections but the suggestion is made that IMDP may be used in preference to primaquine for treatment of acutely ill animals since it also has the advantage of eliminating Babesia ovata, another element of the piroplasmosis syndrome on the island.     

Temporal,environmental and management factors influencing the epidemiological patterns of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestations on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Scotland

In association with industry, an extensive database has been established on measurements of sea louse counts on farmed Atlantic salmon for the years 1996 to 2000 from 33 Scottish fish farms. These data include extensive counts on the sea louse species, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, at various stages of the life cycle and in particular the chalimus and mobile stages. There has been considerable speculation as to what factors might affect the abundance of sea lice, much of which is based on limited evidence. Our analyses show that there is tremendous variation in sea louse infestation patterns from year to year, whereas stock type, geographical region and coastal exposure do not appear to affect mean levels of abundance. In contrast, treatments lead to pronounced cycles of sea louse infestation with peaks and troughs at 3-week intervals, and these interventions are important if the sea louse levels on fish are to be controlled. There was no evidence of water temperature affecting the mean annual abundance of sea louse infestation.     

Echocardiographic evaluation of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).

Safe and effective echocardiography would represent a valuable tool for marine mammal veterinarians and physiologists evaluating the dolphin heart. Unfortunately, conventional ultrasound technology (transthoracic echocardiography) has been limited by logistic, anatomic, and behavioral challenges. Five mature male Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were trained for echocardiographic imaging (four for both transthoracic and transesophageal imaging, and one for only transthoracic imaging). It was noted that transesophageal image quality transiently improved when the dolphins spontaneously exhaled. Subsequently, dolphins were conditioned to hold their breath following forced exhalation, and imaging proceeded during such behavioral breath holds. Over 25 transthoracic and 100 transesophageal echocardiographic studies were performed, including both two-dimensional imaging and color flow mapping. Transthoracic imaging yielded poor-quality images of only small portions of the heart. In contrast, transesophageal imaging, which improved dramatically with behavioral breath holding following exhalation, yielded consistently high-quality images of the entire heart (mitral, tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valves, atrial and ventricular septa, left and right atria, left and right ventricles, and ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery). Color flow mapping demonstrated mild tricuspid regurgitation in all dolphins, and mild aortic regurgitation in one dolphin found to have a pedunculated mass arising from the sinutubular junction just above the aortic valve. There were no complications in nonsedated dolphins. The heart of the bottlenose dolphin can be safely, effectively, and reproducibly evaluated with the use of transesophageal echocardiography in conjunction with behavioral breath holding following forced exhalation. This approach, and the normative echocardiographic data generated from this work, lays the foundation for future echocardiographic studies of cetaceans.     

Single-dose intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in goral (Nemorrhaedus goral arnouxianus).

This study describes the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin following oral and i.v. administration to goral (Nemorrhaedus goral arnouxianus). The objective of this study was to expand upon current antimicrobial treatment options available for use in goral by measuring plasma concentrations and examining the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in these animals. Two single-dose treatments of enrofloxacin were administered to four goral in a crossover design. Single-dose treatments consisted of administration of injectable enrofloxacin i.v. (5 mg/kg) and enrofloxacin tablets (136 mg chewable tablets) dissolved in a grain slurry and administered p.o. (10 mg/kg). Plasma levels of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin were measured with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Plasma volume of distribution for i.v. enrofloxacin was 2.15 - 1.01 L/kg, with a mean elimination half-life of 13.3 hr and total body clearance of 0.19+/-0.14 L/kg/hr. The maximum plasma concentration measured for oral enrofloxacin was 2.77 microg/ml, with a mean half-life of 5.2 hr and systemic availability of 14.6%. The area under the plasma concentration over time curve (AUC) for oral enrofloxacin was 21.06 microg/hr/ml. The area under the plasma concentration over time curve generated for oral enrofloxacin in goral yields an area under the plasma concentration over time curve to minimum inhibitory concentration ratio > 100 for many gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens common to small ruminants. Based on these results, oral enrofloxacin may be considered for further study as a treatment option for susceptible infections in goral.     

5-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)oxymethyl-5-methyl-3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)- 1,2-isoxazoline as a useful rice herbicide

5-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)oxymethyl-5-methyl-3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)-1,2-isoxazoline derivative was synthesized, and its herbicidal activity was assessed under glasshouse and flooded paddy conditions. 5-(2,6-Difluorobenzyl)oxymethyl-5-methyl-3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)-1,2-isoxazoline demonstrated good rice selectivity and potent herbicidal activity against annual weeds at 125 g of a.i. ha(-1) under greenhouse conditions. Soil application of this compound showed complete control of barnyard-grass to the fourth leaf stage at 250 g of a.i. ha(-1). Field trials indicated that this compound controlled annual weeds rapidly with a good tolerance on transplanted rice seedlings by post-emergence and soil application. This compound showed a low mammalian and environmental toxicity in various toxicological tests.     

Nuclear magnetic resonance studies and water "ordering" in the crystalline lens

Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the relaxation times of the water in the crystalline lens show that, as in all interfacial systems, these parameters are markedly reduced from their values in pure water, that T(2) is less than T(1), and that both depend on water content. Determination of diffusion coefficients and studies on physiologically inert lenses indicate that reduced relaxation times do not provide direct evidence for ordering of the bulk of the cell water.