电机护环钢在硝酸盐溶液中应力腐蚀开裂的控制过程研究

本文在文献［１］基础上，运用金相，电化学方法研究了５０Ｍｎ１８Ｃｒ４电机护环钢依照ＱＨＪ－７９试验标准在硝酸盐介质中应力腐蚀开裂（即ＳＣＣ）的性质，结果指出，此体系中ＳＣＣ的控制过程为阳极溶解。     

木醋液对牛粪堆肥理化性质的影响

以牛粪为堆肥原料,研究不同浓度木醋液对牛粪堆肥理化性质的影响。试验采用好氧人工翻堆方式进行。试验共设4个处理,浓度分别为0.2%、0.5%、0.8%的木醋液处理和不添加木醋液的对照处理。通过试验分析温度、含水率、EC、pH值、铵态氮和硝态氮含量等指标随堆肥发酵时间变化的特征。结果表明:各处理组在堆肥发酵过程中pH均在适宜微生物生长的范围内,含水率都保持在55%以上;EC都呈先上升后下降的趋势;添加不同浓度木醋液处理与对照处理相比,都显著提高铵态氮硝态氮含量,从而有效减少堆肥发酵过程中氨气挥发和氮素损失,其中浓度为0.5%木醋液处理效果最好,与对照相比,肥堆升温快,进入高温所需时间短,高温持续时间长,在整个堆肥发酵过程中含水率一直保持在60%~70%之间,发酵结束时物料电导率较低,堆料腐熟快,有利于加快堆肥发酵进程。     

绒毛白蜡新品种‘盐蜡’

盐蜡是绒毛白蜡雄株新品种。干形较直,当年生枝夏季表皮紫灰色,叶片近革质、微有光泽。速生,适应性强,耐盐性强,是开发利用盐碱地的先锋树种。     

刺萼龙葵种子中适宜内参基因的筛选

入侵杂草刺萼龙葵Solanum rostratum Dunal传播扩散的主要载体是种子,研究其种子休眠萌发基因的激素调控对于其防除具有重要意义,而选择合适的内参基因可以提高相关基因表达分析的准确性。本研究以赤霉素、脱落酸和水处理的刺萼龙葵种子为材料,利用geNorm、NormFinder、BestKeeper和RefFinder 4种软件对15个候选内参基因进行表达稳定性评价,并通过检测ABI5(abscisic acid-insensitive 5)的表达验证所筛选的内参基因的适用性。结果表明,对于赤霉素、脱落酸和水处理过的种子,最稳定的内参基因分别为eIF(eukaryotic initiation factor)、SAND(SAND protein family)和ACT(β-actin);对所有种子样本而言,PP2Acs(a catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A)是最稳定的内参基因。研究结果将为刺萼龙葵种子休眠萌发的遗传调控研究提供重要参考。     

利用凝胶扩散法测定刺萼龙葵种子中β-甘露聚糖酶的活性

β-甘露聚糖酶是种子萌发过程中降解胚乳细胞壁的关键酶,明确其活性的动态变化可为揭示杂草种子的休眠萌发机制提供重要依据。以外来杂草刺萼龙葵Solanum rostratum Dunal种子为材料,建立了种子中β-甘露聚糖酶活性的检测方法—凝胶扩散法。利用凝胶扩散法对不同贮存时间及贮存条件下刺萼龙葵种子中β-甘露聚糖酶的活性进行了检测,发现贮存3年以上的种子中该酶的活性为0.03 nmol/(min·mg),显著低于贮存3年以下的种子中的酶活性0.15 nmol/(min·mg),而湿润冷藏的种子中β-甘露聚糖酶的活性为0.12 nmol/(min·mg),显著高于干燥冷藏的种子的酶活性0.02 nmol/(min·mg)。实际应用结果表明,凝胶扩散法综合了传统方法的优势,检测特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好,可同时检测大量种子样品,具有良好的实用性。     

盐对柚幼苗的胁迫效应分析

以坪山柚为材料,研究了盐对坪山柚幼苗的胁迫效应。结果表明:40mmol/LNaCl胁迫30d,坪山柚幼苗受害症状轻,幼苗生长受影响小;80~200mmol/LNaCl胁迫30d,随NaCl浓度提高,坪山柚幼苗受害症状逐渐加重,幼苗株高、叶面积、地上部干重和根部干重明显降低。不同浓度NaCl胁迫20d,坪山柚幼苗根及地上部Na+,Cl-,甜菜碱质量分数增加,K+质量分数及K+/Na+质量比下降。NaCl胁迫影响坪山柚幼苗生长与Na+和Cl-大量积累有关。NaCl胁迫下,维持相对稳定的根与冠干重比、保持根K+与Na+质量比>1及根部具有较高的甜菜碱含量,是坪山柚幼苗耐盐胁迫的一种适应。      

基于空间模拟退火算法的最优土壤采样尺度选择研究

以研究区0.5 km×0.5 km(尺度a)网格的7050个样点为基础,分别得到1 km×1 km网格的1757个样点(尺度b),2 km×2 km网格的444个样点(尺度c),4 km×4 km网格的110个样点(尺度d),以土壤有机质(SOM)为目标属性,运用模拟退火算法对4种采样尺度的土壤样点进行优化选择,确定区...     

Effects of temperature on soil organic carbon fractions contents,aggregate stability and structural characteristics of humic substances in a Mollisol

Purpose

Under a global warming scenario, understanding the response of soil organic carbon fractions and aggregate stability to temperature increases is important not only for better understanding and maintaining relevant ecosystem services like soil fertility and crop productivity, but also for understanding key environmental processes intimately related with the maintenance of other regulatory ecosystem services like global climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration. An increase in temperature would accelerate the mineralization of soil organic carbon. However, the properties of organic carbon remained in soil after mineralization is not well known.

Materials and methods

Mollisol was collected at 0–20-cm depth from maize (Zea mays L.) field in Northeast China. A 180-day incubation experiment was conducted at three different temperatures (10, 30, and 50 °C) under constant soil moisture (60 % water holding capacity). Soil samples were assayed for total organic carbon (TOC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), humic fractions carbon, aggregate-associated carbon, and water stability of aggregates. Elemental analysis and solid-state ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to characterize humic acid and humin fractions.

Results and discussion

The contents of soil TOC, EOC, humic fractions carbon, and aggregate-associated carbon decreased with the increase in temperature. The proportion of 2–0.25-mm macroaggregate and the mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates also decreased. The C, H, N, S, alkyl C, and O-alkyl C contents of humic acid and humin decreased, whereas the O, aromatic C, and carbonyl C contents increased. The H/C, aliphatic C/aromatic C, and O-alkyl C/aromatic C ratios in humic acid and humin fractions decreased.

Conclusions

The increase in temperature has a negative impact on soil organic carbon content, soil aggregation, and aggregate stability. Moreover, humic acid and humin molecules become less aliphatic and more decomposed with the increase in temperature.

     

基于流场数值模拟的高速磁力泵汽蚀性能研

为了改善高速磁力泵的抗汽蚀性能,在泵吸入口处设置导流栅.建立了吸入口设置导流栅和未设置导流栅的两种模型,采用Fluent软件对高速磁力泵内流场进行数值模拟,给出了各自内部压力分布以及粒子流动迹线图.通过两组数据的比较,得到了内部流场的主要特征,模拟表明高速磁力泵吸入口设置轴向可变位导流栅可以有效提高抗汽蚀性能.数值模拟与高速磁力泵真机的试验对比表明,两者几乎一致,为高速磁力泵的改进设计提供了一定的理论依据.     

四倍体刺槐、国槐和红叶石楠对根癌农杆菌菌株及不同抗生素敏感性研究

以含有RD29A目的基因和NPTⅡ筛选基因的根癌农杆菌菌株LBA4404、GV3101和EHA105侵染饲用型四倍体刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、国槐(Sophora japonica L.)和红叶石楠(Davidson Photinia)的组培苗叶片,研究3个树种对根癌农杆菌菌株和不同抗生素(替门汀和头孢霉素)的敏感性、以及根癌农杆菌菌株对3个树种的侵染能力。结果表明,不同树种、不同根癌农杆菌株和不同抗生素种类均对转化效果产生明显影响,红叶石楠是最佳受体材料,3个菌株侵染后的平均抗性愈伤率为37.0%,其次为国槐,四倍体刺槐最低;根癌农杆菌菌株LBA4404侵染能力最强,3个树种的平均抗性愈伤率达到33.3%、平均分化率达到17.6%;替门汀对农杆菌侵染后的红叶石楠组培叶片抑菌效果最好。