Wie werden Wachstumsparameter von Gehölzen auf unterschiedlichen Standorten durch das Verschulen beeinflusst?

The influence of transplanting on height, root neck diameter, and grading was investigated for Carpinus betulus, Quercus robur, and Euonymus europaeus on three sites with different climate and soil properties. Additionally, plant growth was characterized by the shoot-to-root ratio, height-to-root neck diameter, and proportions of coarse and fine roots. The significance of the growth parameters as criteria for survival is discussed. Transplanting influenced shoot growth more than root growth. The growth of the plants was highly site-dependent. Transplanting increased growth most on the site with the best conditions for water and N supply. Transplanting had no effect on grading for the site with the worst water supply.     

ASSESSMENT OF RESPIRATION‐INDUCED DISPLACEMENT OF CANINE ABDOMINAL ORGANS IN DORSAL AND VENTRAL RECUMBENCY USING MULTISLICE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

Respiratory‐induced organ displacement during image acquisition can produce motion artifacts and variation in spatial localization of an organ in diagnostic computed tomography (CT) examinations. The purpose of this prospective study was to quantify respiratory‐induced abdominal organ displacement in dorsal and ventral recumbency using five normal dogs. All dogs underwent CT examinations using 64 multidetector row CT (64‐MDCT). A “3‐dimensional (3D) apneic CT exam” of the abdomen was acquired followed by a “4‐dimensional (4D) ventilated CT exam.” The liver, pancreas, both kidneys, both medial iliac lymph nodes, and urinary bladder were delineated on the 3D‐apneic examination and the organ outlines were compared to the maximum alteration in organ position in the 4D‐ventilated examination. Displacement was measured in dorsal‐to‐ventral (DV), right‐to‐left (RL), and cranial‐to‐caudal (CC) directions. Respiratory‐induced displacement of canine abdominal organs was not predictable and showed large variability in the three directions evaluated. For most canine abdominal organs, dorsal recumbency provided overall the least amount of displacement among all directions evaluated except for liver and urinary bladder. For liver, a large variability was found for all directions and a statistically significant difference was found only in the RL direction with ventral recumbency exhibiting less displacement (P = 0.0099). For the urinary bladder, ventral recumbency also provided less displacement but this was statistically significant only in the RL direction (P < 0.0001). Findings from this study indicated that dorsal recumbency may be preferred for minimizing respiratory motion artifacts in whole abdomen studies, but ventral recumbency may be preferred for liver and urinary bladder studies when respiration cannot be controlled.     

High frequency somatic embryogenesis with a pampeana-derived genotype of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Summary Somatic embryos of genotype R11 of the alfalfa variety Pampeana were produced from embryogenic calli derived from leaf sections. They were induced by an auxin shock and its development was attempted on six different media. The best condition for somatic embryo production was inducing callus on MS medium plus 10 M 2,4-D and 4,6 M KIN and transferring them, after the auxin shock, to MS with 10–20 mM NH₄ ⁺ and 30 mM proline. More than 500 somatic embryos per plate were produced. Embryos were grown to plants on MS or half strength MS media and all regenerated plants resembled the original R11 genotype. This technique could be useful in alfalfa Pampeana improvement using genetic modification.     

Attractiveness and oviposition preference of Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore in Eucalyptus spp.

The red gum lerp psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) was first recorded in Brazil in 2003 and since then has caused serious damage in Eucalyptus forests. The damage is mainly due to defoliation, sooty mold and dieback, thus requiring the development of efficient management strategies. The settling and ovipositional preference of G. brimblecombei by species and clones of Eucalyptus were evaluated in free- and no-choice tests. Preliminary tests were done to determine the density of psyllid couples that produced the greatest densities of eggs, leaf position selection for oviposition, and whether oviposition was affected by preimaginal conditioning. Apical leaves were used more frequently for oviposition by the psyllid, and the number of eggs decreased from the apex to the base. The densities of 10 and 15 psyllid couples per seedling produced the highest oviposition. There was no evidence of preimaginal conditioning. In the free-choice test, E. grandis, E. urophylla, VM-1, I-144, C-219 and H-13 were less attractive to G. brimblecombei adults, with H-13, E. grandis and E. urophylla having the least oviposition. In the no-choice test, E. urophylla, GG-100 and E. grandis also demonstrated a lower oviposition, but E. camaldulensis and 3025 were highly susceptible. The low preference for the genotypes E. grandis and E. urophylla suggests the occurrence of a non-preference type resistance against the red gum lerp psyllid. Our results can be utilized for the development of management programs for G. brimblecombei in Eucalyptus forests.     

Ecological niche modeling,niche overlap,and good old Rabinowitz’s rarities applied to the conservation of gymnosperms in a global biodiversity hotspot

Landscape Ecology - Biodiversity hotspots harbor 77% of endemic plant species. Patagonian Temperate Forest (PTF) is a part of a biodiversity hotspot, but over the past centuries, has been...     

Berry distributions on coffee trees cultivated under high densities modulate the chemical composition of respective coffee beans during one biannual cycle

ABSTRACT

Coffee trees show the fluctuation in production related to biannual phenological development. We aimed to quantify the berry distribution over the vertical profile and relate the chemical composition of coffee beans during few subsequent harvests in each of two production years (PY). The analyzed coffee productions followed severe pruning of plants grown in different planting designs. In the second PY, coffee plants loaded roughly fourfold more berries than the first PY. In the first PY, berry distribution in zones of plagiotropic axes that passed all physiological phases was characterized by random maturation over three harvests, while in the second PY, berry maturation over the orthotropic and plagiotropic axes differed between two harvests, suggesting higher impact of local light microclimate and, consequently, local source–sink relations. Proteins, sucrose, and lipids were the most sensitive studied chemical components when modifications in coffee beans composition were analyzed, considering the impacts of PY, harvest time, planting design, and berry position. Sucrose content increased in latter harvests, indicating better berry maturation compared to the first harvest in both PY. Protein and caffeine contents increased and lipids decreased in higher density and low plant layer during the second PY, suggesting that deposition of those components was modified by self-shading and maturation time related to the berry position over the plant profile.     

Productive performance of brown mussels Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) cultivated on ropes at low densities in Caraguatatuba,Brazil

In Brazil, mussel seed are not a plentiful natural resource, and so the efficient use of seeds by reducing stocking densities should be considered. There are very few studies addressing the relationship between seeding density and growth of mussels in tropical conditions. This work aimed to determine the influence of low seeding densities on the productive performance of Perna perna (Linnaeus) mussels cultivated on ropes in Caraguatatuba, Brazil. In October 2014, 12 ropes, one metre in length each, were seeded at the densities of 200, 300 and 400 mussels/m (four ropes for each density) and suspended on a long line. After 226 days of growing, mussels were harvested and their performance at each density was evaluated in terms of mean weight and length, production, culture efficiency, condition index, survival, amount of recruited seed, amount of fouling on the ropes and morphometric relationships. We observed no significant differences (p > .05) for these indicators among the densities tested, except for mussel biomass, which was significantly higher (p < .05) at the greater densities. A partial budget analysis showed that the density of 400 m^?1 showed better profitability and should be recommended, even in case of seed shortage.     

Effect of Marcela Extract (Achyroclines satureiodes) on the Shelf Life of Minced Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Sausages

The effect of marcela extract (ME) on the shelf life of minced tilapia sausages was evaluated in this study. The level of phenolic compounds in the ME was 114.1 ± 2.9 mg GAE/g extract, and the DPPH free radical scavenging activity was 94.95 ± 1.34%. The ME protected the samples from color changes during storage. The addition of 0.5 and 0.75% ME significantly decreased lipid oxidation and microbial growth. The ME did not impact the sausages’ sensory quality, and the addition of 0.75% prevented sensory rejection during storage.