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排序方式: 共有353条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Temporal ELISA response of rams to Brucella ovis following experimental infection or vaccination 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sera from rams vaccinated with antigens extracted chaotropically from Brucella ovis by potassium thiocyanate treatment were used to optimise a whole-cell, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA) and to monitor the temporal serological response of rams which had been challenged with infected semen by the intranasal or intrapreputial route. Three patterns of CELISA response were detected. Thirteen of 15 rams intranasally challenged did not respond serologically (pattern 1 or nil response). Only one of 15 rams in the intranasal group exhibited a rise and fall response with CELISA (pattern 2), while another showed a rise and surge response (pattern 3). The numbers of rams in the intrapreputial group which displayed a pattern 1 or 2 or 3 response were four, nine and two, respectively. No ram with a pattern 2 response excreted B ovis in the semen or showed any other evidence of infection, whereas rams with a pattern 3 response excreted B ovis in the semen and developed palpable lesions. Intrapreputially challenged rams that were CELISA-positive consistently mounted an antibody response against B ovis about two to four weeks earlier than intranasally challenged rams. 相似文献
2.
Since 1993, 14 cases of avian influenza from four different states in the U.S.A. have been diagnosed by virus isolation from eight avian species. Only 11 of the 14 avian influenza virus (AIV) primary isolations would have been successful if only the standard protocol for AIV isolation, i.e., inoculation of specific-pathogen-free embryonating chicken eggs (ECEs) by the chorioallantoic sac (CAS) route, had been followed. Primary isolation attempts were negative for AIV in three cases in which ECEs were inoculated by the CAS route; AIV could not be detected by hemagglutinating activity, agar gel immunodiffusion test or negative stain electron microscopy. However, in these three cases, primary isolations of AIV were achieved by inoculation of ECEs into either the yolk sac or onto the chorioallantoic membrane. 相似文献
3.
李维平 《中国农业大学学报》1993,(Z3):113-113
与常规品种比较,杂种小麦总光合生物产量优势明显,但输入到籽粒中的光合产物比例较小,或产量结构不够理想,其产量优势不突出。因此,杂种小麦要突破生产应用关仍需寻找突破口。笔者根据多年从事常规小麦育种研究结果,提出杂种小麦、化学杂种小麦大幅度提高产量优势的新途径。 相似文献
4.
Various diagnostics techniques were compared for their ability to detect infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) during an outbreak in chickens aged between 4 and 21 wk. Gross lesions ranged from excess mucus to accumulation of fibrinonecrotic exudate in the larynx and trachea. Syncytial cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in sinus, conjunctiva, larynx, trachea, lung, and air sac. Virus isolation in chicken embryos was attempted in every case. Negative-stain electron microscopy detected herpesvirus in only 6% of the cases. Yet, isolation of ILT virus in the chorioallantoic membrane was presumed by histology in >20% of the samples and confirmed by fluorescent antibody (FA) in 35% of the embryos inoculated with conjunctivas or tracheas from affected birds. Overall, results from histology and FA tests were highly correlated. FA test has the advantage over histology of being diagnostically specific for ILT virus. Polymerase chain reaction was the most sensitive test and detected the viral DNA even in cases where histology and FA were negative. ILT virus DNA was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (Re-Ti ILTV). Histologic and FA results from larynx and trachea were negative if the concentration of the viral DNA was < or =4 of log10. A viral DNA concentration higher than log10 4, as determined by Re-Ti ILTV, was required for clinical ILT to be manifested. 相似文献
5.
This paper attempts to identify the critical elements associated with the introduction and management of the practice of Rotational Irrigation in Taiwan, and thus to shed some light on the basic requirements for its successful adoption. While the emphasis is on this specific practice we believe it has implications for the transfer of other technologies in which physical, biological and managerial factors interact importantly.Seven irrigation associations in Taiwan were studied to identify the external conditions and system characteristics that are necessary for a successful change from continuous to rotational irrigation. Three external essentials are identified: (1) a water deficit approximating 25 percent of normal practice in the area; (2) political commitment to the change; (3) adequate financial resources for implementation and subsequent operation. Two system characteristics considered essential are: (1) physical facilities that provide for control and measurement to the level of farmer group responsibility; and (2) management patterns that provide a well-organized operating group and effective communication between the farmers and system personnel, resulting in a responsive plan of operation.Specific adaptations of the Taiwan practices to the local conditions will be necessary before effective transfer of this technology can take place elsewhere. 相似文献
6.
Chin Soon Lionel Ng Tai Chong Toh Kok Ben Toh James Guest Loke Ming Chou 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(11):1852-1860
The dietary habits of the sea urchin Salmacis sphaeroides and the gastropod Trochus maculatus in ex situ mariculture were examined. Fouling algal assemblages on terracotta tiles were exposed to the grazers and compared. Except for Day 0, the assemblages on Days 2, 13 and 27 differed significantly across treatments. S. sphaeroides rapidly consumed most algae, leaving an assemblage dominated by turf algae and bare tile. T. maculatus primarily fed on green filamentous algae, resulting in an even distribution of other algal functional groups, while control tiles were dominated by green filamentous algae. Using three representative fouling algae species (Bryopsis corymbosa, Hypnea spinella and Lobophora variegata), the consumption rates of both grazers and dietary preferences of S. sphaeroides were examined through a single‐diet and a choice experiment respectively. The single‐diet experiment revealed differential algal consumption rates for S. sphaeroides (H. spinella = B. corymbosa > L. variegata) and T. maculatus (B. corymbosa > H. spinella = L. variegata). The choice experiment showed that S. sphaeroides preferred H. spinella over the other two species. These experiments highlighted the importance of understanding the dietary habits of grazers as this has direct implications on their effectiveness as biological controls of fouling macroalgae in mariculture. 相似文献
7.
8.
中国北方13省土地利用景观格局变化分析(1989~1999) 总被引:25,自引:3,他引:25
以北方13省为研究区,对该区1989~1999年的宏观土地利用景观格局变化进行了分析。结果表明:决定该区景观格局的主体要素类型为草地、难利用地和林地.其次为耕地。1989~1999年期间,区内景观异质性程度在逐渐提高.土地利用向着多样化和均匀化方向发展。景观空间格局变化特征是:耕地、林地和城镇用地破碎度最大;林地、草地和水域受到人类活动的严重干扰.斑块空间分布不断分散和破碎化.分离度和破碎度指标增加。草地的破碎度增加最为显著,严重影响该区农牧业的正常生产。景观要素之间的转化关系主要表现为林、草地和耕地之间的相互转化.以及草地退化为难利用地。表征了该区生态建设实践和生态破坏活动的相互作用以及草地的严重退化趋势.说明北方13省存在较为严重生态环境问题.急需解决。 相似文献
9.
Large-scale deployment of a rice 6 K SNP array for genetics and breeding applications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michael J. Thomson Namrata Singh Maria S. Dwiyanti Diane R. Wang Mark H. Wright Francisco Agosto Perez Genevieve DeClerck Joong Hyoun Chin Geraldine A. Malitic-Layaoen Venice Margarette Juanillas Christine J. Dilla-Ermita Ramil Mauleon Tobias Kretzschmar Susan R. McCouch 《Rice》2017,10(1):40
Background
Fixed arrays of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers have advantages over reduced representation sequencing in their ease of data analysis, consistently higher call rates, and rapid turnaround times. A 6 K SNP array represents a cost-benefit “sweet spot” for routine genetics and breeding applications in rice. Selection of informative SNPs across species and subpopulations during chip design is essential to obtain useful polymorphism rates for target germplasm groups. This paper summarizes results from large-scale deployment of an Illumina 6 K SNP array for rice.Results
Design of the Illumina Infinium 6 K SNP chip for rice, referred to as the Cornell_6K_Array_Infinium_Rice (C6AIR), includes 4429 SNPs from re-sequencing data and 1571 SNP markers from previous BeadXpress 384-SNP sets, selected based on polymorphism rate and allele frequency within and between target germplasm groups. Of the 6000 attempted bead types, 5274 passed Illumina’s production quality control. The C6AIR was widely deployed at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) for genetic diversity analysis, QTL mapping, and tracking introgressions and was intensively used at Cornell University for QTL analysis and developing libraries of interspecific chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) between O. sativa and diverse accessions of O. rufipogon or O. meridionalis. Collectively, the array was used to genotype over 40,000 rice samples. A set of 4606 SNP markers was used to provide high quality data for O. sativa germplasm, while a slightly expanded set of 4940 SNPs was used for O. sativa X O. rufipogon populations. Biparental polymorphism rates were generally between 1900 and 2500 well-distributed SNP markers for indica x japonica or interspecific populations and between 1300 and 1500 markers for crosses within indica, while polymorphism rates were lower for pairwise crosses within U.S. tropical japonica germplasm. Recently, a second-generation array containing ~7000 SNP markers, referred to as the C7AIR, was designed by removing poor-performing SNPs from the C6AIR and adding markers selected to increase the utility of the array for elite tropical japonica material.Conclusions
The C6AIR has been successfully used to generate rapid and high-quality genotype data for diverse genetics and breeding applications in rice, and provides the basis for an optimized design in the C7AIR.10.
通过在饲料中添加4种不同形式叶黄素考察其对杂交鲶(Silurus meridionalisChen×Silurus asotusLinnaeus)体色的影响。实验共分5个处理组,分别为基础饲料组(对照组)、添加普通叶黄素(以黄体素为主)200 mg/kg组、转化叶黄素(以玉米黄质为主)200 mg/kg组、包被普通叶黄素100 mg/kg组、包被转化叶黄素100 mg/kg组。以上述5种饲料分别饲喂平均体重为61 g的杂交鲶20 d。结果表明,各组生长指标无显著差异;各叶黄素添加组鱼体背部皮肤、腹部皮肤黄度值及皮肤、肌肉叶黄素含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),普通叶黄素组背部皮肤、腹部皮肤叶黄素含量较转化叶黄素组显著提高20.3%、11.3%(P<0.05);添加100 mg/kg包被普通叶黄素对杂交鲶的着色效果与200 mg/kg普通叶黄素几乎相当;添加100 mg/kg包被转化叶黄素对杂交鲶的着色效果不及200 mg/kg转化叶黄素。上述研究表明,普通叶黄素对杂交鲶的着色效果优于转化叶黄素;普通叶黄素经包被处理后,在饲料中的添加量降低50%便能达到相同的着色效果。 相似文献