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A. I. KR
PFL G. A. Cecchi N. M. Villasuso R. A. Distel 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2013,24(4):393-399
Vegetation in many arid and semi‐arid shrublands frequently occurs in patches with high plant cover (shrub patches) interspersed in a low‐cover herbaceous matrix (inter‐shrub areas). We hypothesized that (a) livestock grazing is an important determinant of such spatial patterns of vegetation, and (b) redistribution of soil resources associated with shrub patches helps in the recovery of vegetation in inter‐shrub areas. To test these hypotheses, we (a) used line transects to compare spatial variations in vegetation, soil microtopography, and soil physicochemical properties in grazed areas and areas protected from grazing since 1970, (b) added sediment and seeds to inter‐shrub areas, and (c) measured resource redistribution after a wildfire. Results were consistent with the hypotheses. They indicated greater spatial heterogeneity in vegetation, soil microtopography and soil physicochemical properties in grazed areas than in protected areas, and that addition of sediment and seeds or redistribution of soil resources from shrub patches after a wildfire enhanced re‐establishment of vegetation in degraded inter‐shrub areas. As a synthesis, a conceptual model of degradation and recovery processes in semi‐arid shrublands of Northern Patagonia is presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
Andrea Coppi Lorenzo Cecchi Federico Selvi Mauro Raffaelli 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(7):1041-1052
DNA sequences from the ITS region of the nuclear genome and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat markers (ISSR) were used to estimate
genetic diversity among and within populations of the Frankincense tree Boswellia sacra from Dhofar, Oman. This is a culturally and ecologically relevant species that is showing symptoms of decline due to anthropic
factors and, possibly, global warming. ITS sequences were 511 bp long and showed low (6.4%) variation among geographically
different populations. The four selected ISSR primers yielded 93 reproducible bands, of which 91 (97.9%) were polymorphic
in the 97 individual profiles obtained. Total genetic diversity (H
T) and average heterozygosity within populations (H
S) resulted fairly low (0.22 and 0.136, respectively). The accession from Wadi Dowkah, an UNESCO world heritage site, showed
the lowest level of genetic diversity (H
E = 0.107), while the eastern populations from the Hasik area harboured a slightly greater amount of variation. Analysis of
Molecular Variance showed that differentiation among populations was relatively high (38.1%), possibly due to the reduced
gene flow between the largely isolated stands of Boswellia (N
m = 0.39). Genetic distances and AMOVA suggested a clear differentiation between the eastern and western coastal populations,
while those from the internal area did not form a consistent group. For conservation, the eastern sites should be given priority
as core populations harbouring significant amounts of allelic diversity. Reasons for reinforcing the more depauperated stands,
such as Wadi Dowkah, with local plant material only or, alternatively, with the introduction of germplasm from genetically
distinct stands are discussed. 相似文献
4.
Francesca Cecchi Roberta Ciampolini Gianluca Giacalone Gisella Paci 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(9):868-871
The genealogical data of 471 (whole population: WP) Lizard canaries of an Italian breeder were analyzed to evaluate the genetic variability of the breed. The reference population (RP) comprised 346 living reproductive birds. Average generation interval was 1.61 ± 0.718 for males and 1.72 ± 0.863 for females. The average value of inbreeding (F) and relatedness (AR) in the RP were 15.83% and 22.63%, while the average increase in inbreeding was estimated to be 6.71% per generation (effective population size = 7.49). The results showed the need to reduce the level of inbreeding which would result in significant loss of genetic variation and in significant inbreeding depression. 相似文献
5.
Detection of radial crossbridge force by lattice spacing changes in intact single muscle fibers 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
G Cecchi M A Bagni P J Griffiths C C Ashley Y Maeda 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,250(4986):1409-1411
Time-resolved lattice spacing changes were measured (10-millisecond time resolution) by x-ray diffraction of synchrotron radiation in single intact muscle fibers of the frog Rana temporaria undergoing electrically stimulated tension development during application of stretches and releases. Ramp releases, which decreased fiber length at constant speed, caused a lattice expansion. After the ramp, increasing tension during recovery was accompanied by lattice compression. Ramp stretches caused a compression of the lattice. While the fiber was held at a constant length after the stretch, tension decreased and lattice spacing increased. These observations demonstrate the existence of a previously undetected radial component of the force generated by a cycling crossbridge. At sarcomere lengths of 2.05 to 2.2 micrometers, the radial force compresses the myofilament lattice. Hence, the myofilament lattice does not maintain a constant volume during changes in force. 相似文献
6.
Amy?M.?Cecchi William?C.?KoskinenEmail author H.?H.?Cheng Konrad?Haider 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2004,39(4):235-242
Phenolic acids have been implicated in the process of allelopathy and are, therefore, of interest in plant management as a basis for new herbicide structures. The potential bioavailability of phenolic acids is controlled by sorption–desorption processes in soil. Sorption–desorption of p-coumaric acid (4-hydroxycinnamic acid), ferulic acid (3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid), veratric acid (3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid), vanillic acid (3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-hydroxybenzoic acid) was characterized on soils with varying physicochemical properties. The phenolic acids sorbed quickly (<8 h) and in high proportions to the amount applied (average 84% of applied was sorbed). Sorption was irreversible with the batch desorption method used (0.01 N CaCl2 extraction). Pretreatment of soils to remove organic matter and free metal oxides from the soils decreased sorption, particularly in soils with free oxides removed. Statistical analysis suggested that sorption of p-coumaric and ferulic acids was correlated with soil clay content and veratric acid sorption was correlated with several soil factors. In contrast, no consistent relationship between soil characteristics and vanillic and p-hydroxybenzoic acid sorption was found. Based on the results of these experiments, i.e. the high reactivity of the phenolic acids, it is unlikely that these chemicals would be transported far from their point of origin, limiting their range of influence. It appears that, for phenolic acids to have allelopathic effects on plants, they would have to persist in the soil for long periods, resulting in a buildup of the chemical to high enough levels so that sufficient chemical would be in solution to cause the allelopathic effects, even though they may be strongly sorbed at lower concentrations. 相似文献
7.
Adam Y Marcotty T Cecchi G Mahama CI Solano P Bengaly Z Van den Bossche P 《Research in veterinary science》2012,92(3):462-468
Baseline surveys were conducted in the Upper West Region of Ghana to assess the distribution and densities of tsetse species, as well as the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis. The entomological survey was designed to cover the suitable tsetse habitats along the three main rivers in the study area (i.e. Black Volta, Kulpawn and Sissili). Results indicated the presence of Glossina tachinoides in all three river basins, whilst Glossina palpalis gambiensis was only found close to the southern limit of the study area. A random sampling of 1800 cattle of the West African Short Horn, Sanga and Zebu breeds from 36 randomly selected grid cells covering the study area showed substantial differences between parasitological and serological prevalences. The average parasitological prevalence was estimated at 2.5% (95% CI: 1.06-5.77) with the majority of the infections due to Trypanosoma vivax. Most of the infected cattle were found close to the major river systems. The serological prevalence, measured using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), test was 19% (95% CI: 14.03-25.35). Cattle with anti-trypanosomal antibodies were also found throughout the study area. 相似文献
8.
Cecchi Francesca Dadousis Christos Bozzi Riccardo Fratini Filippo Russo Claudia Bandecchi Patrizia Cantile Carlo Mazzei Maurizio 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(3):729-733
Tropical Animal Health and Production - Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) are a heterogeneous group of viruses of sheep, goat, and wild ruminants responsible of lifelong persistent infection... 相似文献
9.
Ackermann M Ajello M Allafort A Baldini L Ballet J Barbiellini G Bastieri D Belfiore A Bellazzini R Berenji B Blandford RD Bloom ED Bonamente E Borgland AW Bottacini E Brigida M Bruel P Buehler R Buson S Caliandro GA Cameron RA Caraveo PA Casandjian JM Cecchi C Chekhtman A Cheung CC Chiang J Ciprini S Claus R Cohen-Tanugi J de Angelis A de Palma F Dermer CD do Couto E Silva E Drell PS Dumora D Favuzzi C Fegan SJ Focke WB Fortin P Fukazawa Y Fusco P Gargano F Germani S Giglietto N Giordano F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6059):1103-1107
The origin of Galactic cosmic rays is a century-long puzzle. Indirect evidence points to their acceleration by supernova shockwaves, but we know little of their escape from the shock and their evolution through the turbulent medium surrounding massive stars. Gamma rays can probe their spreading through the ambient gas and radiation fields. The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has observed the star-forming region of Cygnus X. The 1- to 100-gigaelectronvolt images reveal a 50-parsec-wide cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays that flood the cavities carved by the stellar winds and ionization fronts from young stellar clusters. It provides an example to study the youth of cosmic rays in a superbubble environment before they merge into the older Galactic population. 相似文献
10.
Abdo AA Ackermann M Atwood WB Baldini L Ballet J Barbiellini G Baring MG Bastieri D Baughman BM Bechtol K Bellazzini R Berenji B Blandford RD Bloom ED Bogaert G Bonamente E Borgland AW Bregeon J Brez A Brigida M Bruel P Burnett TH Caliandro GA Cameron RA Caraveo PA Carlson P Casandjian JM Cecchi C Charles E Chekhtman A Cheung CC Chiang J Ciprini S Claus R Cohen-Tanugi J Cominsky LR Conrad J Cutini S Davis DS Dermer CD de Angelis A de Palma F Digel SW Dormody M do Couto E Silva E Drell PS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5905):1218-1221
Energetic young pulsars and expanding blast waves [supernova remnants (SNRs)] are the most visible remains after massive stars, ending their lives, explode in core-collapse supernovae. The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope has unveiled a radio quiet pulsar located near the center of the compact synchrotron nebula inside the supernova remnant CTA 1. The pulsar, discovered through its gamma-ray pulsations, has a period of 316.86 milliseconds and a period derivative of 3.614 x 10(-13) seconds per second. Its characteristic age of 10(4) years is comparable to that estimated for the SNR. We speculate that most unidentified Galactic gamma-ray sources associated with star-forming regions and SNRs are such young pulsars. 相似文献