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Lee LE Van Es SJ Walsh SK Rainnie DJ Donay N Summerfield R Cawthorn RJ 《Journal of fish diseases》2006,29(8):467-480
Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis is an ubiquitous amphizoic marine protozoan and has been implicated as the causative agent for several diseases in marine organisms, most notably amoebic gill disease (AGD) in Atlantic salmon. Despite several reports on the pathology of AGD, relatively little is known about the protozoan and its relationship to host cells. In this study, an in vitro approach using monolayers of a rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill-W1, ATCC CRL-2523) was used to rapidly grow large numbers of N. pemaquidensis (ATCC 50172) and investigate cell-pathogen interactions. Established cell lines derived from other tissues of rainbow trout and other fish species were also evaluated for amoeba growth support. The amoebae showed preference and highest yield when grown with RTgill-W1 over nine other tested fish cell lines. Amoeba yields could reach as high as 5 x 10(5) cells mL(-1) within 3 days of growth on the gill cell monolayers. The amoebae caused visible focal lesions in RTgill-W1 monolayers within 24 h of exposure and rapidly proliferated and spread with cytopathic effects destroying the neighbouring pavement-like cells within 48-72 h after initial exposure in media above 700 mOsm kg(-1). Disruption of the integrity of the gill cell monolayers could be noted within 30 min of exposure to the amoeba suspensions by changes in transepithelial resistance (TER) compared with control cell monolayers maintained in the exposure media. This was significantly different by 2 h (P < 0.05) compared with control cells and remained significantly different (P < 0.01) for the remaining 72 h that the TER was monitored. The RTgill-W1 cell line is thus a convenient model for growing N. pemaquidensis and for studying host-pathogen interactions in AGD. 相似文献
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RT NORRIS CL McDONALD RB RICHARDS MW HYDER SP GITTINS GJ NORMAN 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(7):244-247
In the first of 2 experiments, a simulated voyage was conducted to examine the effects of various treatments on bodyweight change and feeding frequency of inappetant sheep at the end of lot-feeding (non-feeders). The treatments, applied during simulated shipping, were: normal quantities of feed and length of troughs; extra trough length; extra feed. Adult Merino wethers (n = 108) were used in each treatment. A voyage to the Middle East was then conducted to establish whether shipboard mortality could be reduced by separating non-feeders (n = 305) from feeders (n = 5,620) late in the feedlot hase and housing the groups separately aboard ship. A control group of non-feeders (n = 215) mixed with feeders (n = 5,732) was used for comparison. Bars (marker bars), containing a coloured dye, were attached to feed troughs to mark sheep that fed. Most non-feeders (82%) began eating when placed in shipping pens in both studies. However, there was no significant difference in percentage of sheep that fed between non-feeders given extra trough length or extra feed compared with non-feeders given standard management at any stage of simulated shipping. There was no significant difference in mean bodyweights between treatment groups on days 1, 8 and 15 of simulated shipping. Differences in bodyweight on d 22 were probably associated with different levels of gut fill. Death rates were not significantly different in separated and control groups (1.1%, 0.9%, P = 0.6) in the voyage of 14 d to the Middle East.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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M. W. Cawthorn 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(11):192-193
The 8 species of baleen whale in New Zealand waters range in length from 6 to 30+ metres, and the 25 species of toothed whale range up to 18 metres. A single porpoise species is known in New Zealand sub-Antarctic waters. The baleen whales and many of the toothed whales are migratory, and New Zealand straddles their well-defined routes: a combination which allowed whaling to flourish. The toothed whales are the more gregarious and may indulge in mass strandings. Current research aims to investigate the biology of all of the whale species. The otariid, or eared seals found in the New Zealand region are the New Zealand sealion and the New Zealand fur seal. The commonest of the phocid, or earless seals on the New Zealand coast are the elephant and leopard seals. All of these breed in the southern parts of the region but range further north. The fur seal population is rising slowly, but the small population size of the New Zealand sealion gives cause for concern. Marine mammals form an important part of the fauna of the New Zealand region, and veterinary knowledge and general research should be increased. 相似文献
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