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HEIDI DEWAR ERIC D. PRINCE MICHAEL K. MUSYL RICHARD W. BRILL CHUGEY SEPULVEDA JIANGANG LUO DAVID FOLEY ERIC S. ORBESEN DERKE SNODGRASS R. MICHAEL LAURS JOHN P. HOOLIHAN BARBARA A. BLOCK LIANNE M. MCNAUGHTON 《Fisheries Oceanography》2011,20(3):219-241
Swordfish are highly specialized top‐level predators that have been challenging to study. In this paper, data from 31 pop‐up satellite archival tags attached to swordfish from (i) the eastern Pacific, (ii) central Pacific, and (iii) western North Atlantic‐Caribbean were analyzed. Common across locations was a pronounced diel vertical pattern with daytime hours spent primarily below the thermocline and nighttime hours spent in warmer waters, close to the surface. One exception to this pattern was periodic daytime basking events which were most common in cooler waters off California. Maximum daytime depths were significantly correlated with light penetration as measured by the diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm. Temperature did not appear to influence daytime depths, and swordfish tolerated both extremely low temperatures (4°C) and rapid and dramatic temperature changes (>20°C). Temperature did appear to influence the nighttime depths in the Pacific where fish typically remained in the surface mixed layer. In contrast, in the warm tropical Atlantic this was not the case, and nighttime depths were much deeper. In all areas, nighttime depth increased around the full moon. Given the parallels between the vertical movement patterns of swordfish and those of the deep sound scattering layer we suggest that swordfish vertical distribution patterns, especially during daytime, are influenced largely by resource availability. At night, when swordfish are typically targeted by fisheries, both ambient light and temperature influence movements. Understanding vertical movement patterns of swordfish can help evaluate gear vulnerability, improve population assessments, and potentially reduce fisheries bycatch. 相似文献
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Immunohistochemical Localization of RANK, RANKL and OPG in Healthy and Arthritic Canine Elbow Joints
ANDREA I. SPAHNI Dr. med. vet. PETER SCHAWALDER Prof. Dr. med. vet. BARBARA ROTHEN PD Dr. sc. nat. ETH DIETER D. BOSSHARDT PD Dr. sc. nat. PhD NIKLAUS LANG Prof. Dr. med. dent. MICHAEL H. STOFFEL Prof. Dr. med. vet. 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(6):780-786
Objective— To determine if the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB–receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand–osteoprotegerin (RANK–RANKL–OPG) system is active in bone remodeling in dogs and, if so, whether differences in expression of these mediators occur in healthy and arthritic joints.
Study Design— Experimental study.
Sample Population— Fragmented processus coronoidei (n=20) were surgically removed from dogs with elbow arthritis and 5 corresponding healthy samples from dogs euthanatized for reasons other than elbow joint disease.
Methods— Bright-field immunohistochemistry and high-resolution fluorescence microscopy were used to investigate the distribution of RANK, RANKL, and OPG in healthy and arthritic joints.
Results— All 3 molecules were identified by immunostaining of canine bone tissue. In elbow dysplasia, the number of RANK-positive osteoclasts was increased. In their vicinity, cells expressing RANKL, a mediator of osteoclast activation, were abundant whereas the number of osteoblasts having the potential to limit osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via OPG was few.
Conclusions— The RANK–RANKL–OPG system is active in bone remodeling in dogs. In elbow dysplasia, a surplus of molecules promoting osteoclastogenesis was evident and is indicative of an imbalance between the mediators regulating bone resorption and bone formation. Both OPG and neutralizing antibodies against RANKL have the potential to counterbalance bone resorption.
Clinical Relevance— Therapeutic use of neutralizing antibodies against RANKL to inhibit osteoclast activation warrants further investigation. 相似文献
Study Design— Experimental study.
Sample Population— Fragmented processus coronoidei (n=20) were surgically removed from dogs with elbow arthritis and 5 corresponding healthy samples from dogs euthanatized for reasons other than elbow joint disease.
Methods— Bright-field immunohistochemistry and high-resolution fluorescence microscopy were used to investigate the distribution of RANK, RANKL, and OPG in healthy and arthritic joints.
Results— All 3 molecules were identified by immunostaining of canine bone tissue. In elbow dysplasia, the number of RANK-positive osteoclasts was increased. In their vicinity, cells expressing RANKL, a mediator of osteoclast activation, were abundant whereas the number of osteoblasts having the potential to limit osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via OPG was few.
Conclusions— The RANK–RANKL–OPG system is active in bone remodeling in dogs. In elbow dysplasia, a surplus of molecules promoting osteoclastogenesis was evident and is indicative of an imbalance between the mediators regulating bone resorption and bone formation. Both OPG and neutralizing antibodies against RANKL have the potential to counterbalance bone resorption.
Clinical Relevance— Therapeutic use of neutralizing antibodies against RANKL to inhibit osteoclast activation warrants further investigation. 相似文献
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MATTHIAS DENNLER EVA-MARIA LANGE OLIVER SCHMIED BARBARA KASER-HOTZ 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2007,48(2):138-140
A 9-year-old male Appenzeller mountain dog had progressive severe ataxia and central vestibular syndrome that was localized clinically to the brain stem. The cerebrospinal fluid characteristics were suggestive of hemorrhage into the subarachnoid space. On computed tomography (CT), hyperattenuating masses were found in the left lateral ventricle extending into the cerebrum, and another involving the cerebellum and brainstem. The hyperattenuation of the masses in noncontrast images and the absence of contrast enhancement were consistent with hemorrhage. The dog underwent euthanasia. A metastatic hemangiosarcoma in the brain, causing acute bleeding in the left lateral ventricle and the brainstem, was found. A solitary mass in the left myocardium was thought to be the primary site. CT characteristics of intracranial hemorrhage are reviewed. 相似文献
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CHARLES A. KUNTZ DVM MS DACVS TONIA L. ASSELIN BS WILLIAM S. DERNELL DVM MS DACVS BARBARA E. POWERS DVM PhD DACVP RODNEY C. STRAW BVSC DACVS STEPHEN J. WITHROW DVM DACVS DACVIM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1998,27(5):417-422
Objective —To describe function and identify factors that affect outcome in dogs undergoing limb salvage surgery for osteosarcoma (OS) of the proximal humerus.
Study Design —A retrospective study of dogs in which OS of the proximal humerus was treated with limb salvage surgery.
Animals —17 client-owned dogs.
Methods: Records were analyzed for functional outcome, recurrence, metastasis, and survival.
Results —Outcome was good to excellent in 12% of dogs. Recurrence, metastasis, and survival were significantly affected by completeness of surgical margins. Double plating of the distal allograft-host junction significantly reduced frequency of biomechanical failure.
Conclusions —Limb salvage surgery for OS of the proximal humerus did not result in acceptable function and was fraught with postoperative complications. Outcome was significantly affected by completeness of surgical margins.
Clinical Relevance —Limb salvage surgery for OS of the proximal humerus in dogs cannot be recommended until improvement in functional outcome and reduction in postoperative complications can be achieved. The dependence of outcome on completeness of surgical margins supports aggressive en bloc resection and marking and evaluating surgical margins. 相似文献
Study Design —A retrospective study of dogs in which OS of the proximal humerus was treated with limb salvage surgery.
Animals —17 client-owned dogs.
Methods: Records were analyzed for functional outcome, recurrence, metastasis, and survival.
Results —Outcome was good to excellent in 12% of dogs. Recurrence, metastasis, and survival were significantly affected by completeness of surgical margins. Double plating of the distal allograft-host junction significantly reduced frequency of biomechanical failure.
Conclusions —Limb salvage surgery for OS of the proximal humerus did not result in acceptable function and was fraught with postoperative complications. Outcome was significantly affected by completeness of surgical margins.
Clinical Relevance —Limb salvage surgery for OS of the proximal humerus in dogs cannot be recommended until improvement in functional outcome and reduction in postoperative complications can be achieved. The dependence of outcome on completeness of surgical margins supports aggressive en bloc resection and marking and evaluating surgical margins. 相似文献
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The effects of 3 h exposure to 96hLC50 of cadmium (4.5 mg dm−3) on oxygen consumption rate, and hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, erythrocyte and leukocyte pattern) of juvenile tench
were evaluated. Oxygen consumption significantly decreased beginning from 24 h postexposure, and remained reduced until the
end of the experiment (96 h postexposure). RBC gradually increased, together with the percentage of juvenile cells in circulation.
On the other hand, cadmium induced damage to the red cells – the share of cellular anomalies significantly increased with
time postexposure. They included abnormal cell shape, vacuolization, swelling, chromatin disintegration in the nucleus, and
nucleus indentation. The exposed fish showed a gradual and significant decrease in WBC without a shift of lymphocyte/neutrophil
proportion. No significant changes in thrombocyte count occurred. The results show that short-term exposure to cadmium reduced
fish energetic metabolism, and suppressed immune abilities. The symptoms gradually developed after the end of exposure, and
no recovery took place until␣96 h. 相似文献
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Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and the relationships of some host-adapted isolates of Verticillium dahliae 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The relationships of two host-adapted pathotypes of Verticillium dahliae have been examined at the molecular level using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Isolates obtained from and adapted to Mentha × piperita (peppermint), which were presumed to be haploid, formed a distinct subspecific group (referred to as M) related to the previously described non-host-adapted subspecific group A of V. dahliae. The limited molecular variation found among the four group M isolates was not related to geographic origin. Isolates from several cruciferous hosts (and one from Beta vulgaris (sugar beet)), which are thought to be natural, stable diploids, formed another distinct group (referred to as D) that was markedly different from all previously described subspecific groupings in both V. dahliae and V. alboatrum. This group of isolates might better be regarded as a separate species. Again, only limited variation was found within the D group. Polymorphisms revealed by two probes distinguished two isolates derived from Brassica rapa (Chinese cabbage) from the six other isolates (four from Brassica napus (oilseed rape) and one each from Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish) and Beta vulgaris). 相似文献
9.
BARBARA L. SMITH DVM MS JOERG A. AUER DrMedVet MS DiplomateACVS JEFFREY P. WATKINS DVM MS DiplomateACVs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1990,19(2):117-121
Four horses, 2 to 17 years old, were treated for unilateral avulsion fractures of the tibial tuberosity. Two horses were treated successfully with tension band wiring or plating in combination with lag screw fixation. One horse was euthanatized because of implant failure during recovery and one was euthanatized on day 11 because a longitudinal fracture of the tibial tuberosity occurred through the plane of the screws used for stabilization. 相似文献
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