Evaluation of the carryover effect of antibiotic,bee pollen and propolis on growth performance,carcass traits and splenic and hepatic histology of growing rabbits

Sixty‐four nulliparous female rabbits were distributed among eight groups (eight animals/group). Group one was the unsupplemented control group; the other seven groups were supplemented with zinc bacitracin (ZnB) at 100 mg, or bee pollen (BP) and/or propolis (Pro) at 150 and 300 mg in a capsulated form, three times a week, day after day, continuously all over the experimental period. The experiment was run for eight parties; at each parity, 28 kids of each doe group (a total of 224 rabbits) were divided into two subgroups weaned, respectively, at 24 and 30 days of age. Thus, for each parity, there were 16 groups (eight does treatments × two weaning age, 14 rabbits per group). The growing rabbits fed the standard diets without supplements. The growth performance, the carcass traits, the liver and the spleen histology of rabbits were checked up to 90 days of age to find possible carryover effects of the supplements. The supplements had no significant effect on most of the growth performance at 90 days of age, but BP150 and BP+Pro300 increased the growth rate in comparison with ZnB group. The liver weight in the control, BP300 and Pro300 groups was higher than the ZnB one. The spleen weight was higher in the groups ZnB, BP150, Pro300 and BP+Pro300, followed by the control, BP300 and BP+Pro150 and thus Pro150. The heart % in the BP150 and Pro300 groups was higher than ZnB and BP+Pro150 groups. A lymphoid hyperplasia of splenic white pulp was observed in the BP+Pro groups, while propolis alone showed a mild activation of lymphobiosis. The Pro and BP groups showed the same picture of the control group exhibiting a hydropic degeneration of mostly hepatic cells, while the ZnB group exhibited adverse effect on the bile ducts featuring portal periductal inflammatory cells infiltration with epithelial hyperplasia reflecting chronic cholangitis.     

Preparation of Polyurethane Silicon Oxide Nanomaterials as a Binder in Leather Finishing

Leather finishing processes using toxic organic solvent based produce volatile organic compounds (VOC), chronic exposure to this chemicals effect on workers' health causing many diseases especially lung cancer. So, polyurethane waterbased was synthesized for application in leather finishing instead of organic solvent based because it’s economic and safety for industry and workers. Preparation of water-based polyurethane (PU) depends on the reaction of polyethylene glycol (PEG, 300) with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and the reaction of IPDI-1,4-butanediol (BDO) together with dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA), was synthesized by poly-addition polymerization reaction. PU was then modified with different amounts of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (1-5 % SiO₂), used as a binder in leather finishing. Leather coated was characterized physically, chemically and thermally by FTIR, GPC, DLS, TEM, SEM and TGA. The results revel that, water vapor permeability (WVP) of leather coated with PU modified with SiO₂ showed improvement due to the existence of SiO₂ particles which increases the interspaces of the polyurethane coating. SEM showed that when the amount of SiO₂ nanoparticles increases, there is uniform nanoparticles accumulated can be observed. EDX prove the presence of Si and O₂ elements and the formation of SiO₂ nanoparticles. Mechanical properties discussed that tensile strength; tear strength and elongation at break % increase with increase SiO₂ concentration until 3 % SiO₂ nanoparticles. TGA showed an improvement of thermal stability of coated leather modified with SiO₂. Therefore, this study succeeded in preparation of safe, ecofriendly of water-based polyurethane binders which modified with SiO₂ for using in leather finishing.     

水分调控对冬小麦同化物分配与水分利用效率的影响研究

试验研究 12个灌溉组合方式对冬小麦干物质积累与分配、产量和水分利用效率的影响结果表明 ,地面灌水条件下不同处理的地上部干物质积累量由高至低依次为田间持水量 65%的处理 >50 %的处理 >80 %的处理 ;地下 3 0cm、50cm和 10 0cm灌水条件下田间持水量 80 %的处理 >65%的处理 >50 %的处理。产量以地下 3 0cm灌水× 80 %田间持水量处理最高 ,为 6512 .4kg/hm2 ,地下 50cm灌水× 50 %田间持水量处理产量最低 ,为3 568.1kg/hm2 。保持相同田间持水量的灌水处理 ,随灌溉深度的增加其作物水分利用效率呈增大趋势。地下3 0cm灌水× 80 %田间持水量处理和地下 3 0cm灌水× 65%田间持水量处理是较合理的节水灌溉组合方式     

Variation in chemical composition and biological activities of two species of Opuntia flowers at four stages of flowering

The chemical composition of hexane extracts from flowers belonging to two species of prickly pear, Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller and Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haworth has been studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in four developmental stages of flower: vegetative, initial flowering, full flowering, and post-flowering stages. Remarkable differences were noted between the flowers’ compositions. The main compounds were carboxylic acid (28-97%), terpenes (0.2-57%), esters (0.2-27%), and alcohols (<1.8%).The study of the biological activities showed that extracts were active in vitro towards four bacteria and two fungal strains. It exhibited remarkable activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli.Antioxidant activity of the flowers extracts was evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method.Our findings demonstrate the interest of Opuntia flowers extract as a source of bioactive substances and its potential preservative use in food.     

莴笋叶片低温下积累花青素对光合作用的影响

【目的】探讨冬季低温环境下莴笋叶片花青素积累对光合作用的影响及作用机理,以期为莴笋栽培和品种选育提供参考依据。【方法】分别于常温季（10月中旬）、冬季低温初期（11月底—12月初）、中期（翌年1月中旬）和末期（翌年2月上旬）在广西大学试验基地活体监测莴笋叶片叶绿素荧光和光合气体交换特性,采用分光光度法测定过氧化氢（H₂O₂）浓度、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和花青素含量。【结果】与常温季相比,低温初期叶片凌晨最大光化学效率值（F_v/F_m）略降,基底荧光（F_o）略增,相对电子传递速率（ETR）下降8.9%,光化学耗散（qP）、光化学途径能耗效率占比［Y（Ⅱ）］和稳态净光合速率（P_n）略降,最大净光合速率（P_max）则下降3.59μmol/（m2·s）;SOD和POD活性分别增加5倍和1倍,CAT活性降低31%;H₂O₂和花青素含量分别增加81%和9倍。到低温中期时,F_v/F_m升至0.85,F_o、ETR、Y（II）、P_n和P_max回升至略高于常温季水平;SOD和CAT活性较初期增加1倍;H₂O₂含量略降,花青素含量增至初期的7倍。末期天气转暖时,F_v/F_m降至0.77,F_o上升到接近0.10的峰值,组成型能量耗散率［Y（NO）］占比高达34%,ETR、P_n和P_max比中期分别降低22%、28%和33%;尽管SOD、POD和CAT活性在中期的基础上分别增加178%、28%和36%,而H₂O₂含量依然剧增1.36倍;花青素含量上翻了3倍。相关分析的结果表明,花青素含量、SOD活性和H₂O₂含量两两间呈显著正相关（P< 0.05）,而花青素、H₂O₂含量和光合速率之间相关性均不显著（P> 0.05）,光合速率是多因素综合作用的结果。【结论】与单独低温作用相比,低温和强光共同作用下莴笋叶片合成更多花青素,通过增加叶片温度、调节叶片能量平衡及与抗氧化系统共同作用等方式起光保护作用,为低温下光合机构功能维持及良性运转提供支撑。     

内蒙古自治区的沙漠及沙漠化土地

文章叙述了采取系统抽样的方法,通过现地调查和遥感解译相结合,获取样地信息,利用数理统计的原理计算出各类沙漠化土地面积,利用卫星遥感技术、卫星定位技术和地理信息系统相结合,确定内蒙古沙漠和沙漠化土地的分布。监测表明,截至1999年内蒙古沙漠和沙漠化土地面积为42.08×104km2,占内蒙古自治区总面积118.3×104km2的35.6%。与1994年全国沙漠化土地监测结果对比,5a来全区沙漠化土地面积增加了15629km2,年均增加3126km2。内蒙古沙漠和沙漠化土地面积居全国第二位,而沙漠化土地扩展速度和可治理沙漠化土地面积居全国第一位。     

林业科技创新、推广与示范体系建设

论述了林业科技创新、推广与示范体系建设在林业开发中的重要性，总结了上饶市的实践经验与体会。     

黄土坡面径流输沙能力试验研究

为了建立合理的土壤侵蚀评价和预报模型,基于坡面流理论,通过室内径流冲刷模拟试验,以黄土坡面为研究对象.研究了坡面径流输沙能力.研究结果表明,当坡面侵蚀达到相对平衡时,在同一坡度条件下,坡面径流输沙率随流量的增加呈阶梯性增加,即表现为"缓一陡一缓一陡"的变化过程;坡面径流输沙率与坡度和流量之间存在指数函数关系,且流量对输沙率影响大于坡度;坡面径流输沙率与坡面径流切应力、单位水流功率及Re之间均存在着良好的线性关系.     

黑曲霉中国株(3.758)葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)基因的克隆与结构分析

[目的]为充分开发黑曲霉在轻工业中的用途。[方法]以黑曲霉中国株(3.758)基因组DNA为模板,用LATaqDNA聚合酶对葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)基因进行PCR扩增,扩增片段纯化后与pUCm-T载体连接后,转化到大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳法、酶切和PCR鉴定获得阳性克隆。对获得含GOD基因的克隆进行测序,分析其蛋白质氨基酸序列及限制性内切酶的图谱。[结果]经PCR扩增获得约1.8kb的片段。获得的GOD基因编码序列共1818bp,与报道的黑曲霉(ATCC9029)GOD基因序列仅有3个碱基之差。该基因序列具有多个限制性内切酶位点。黑曲霉不同菌株与中国株(3.758)GOD基因的同源性比较表明,不同黑曲霉菌株中GOD基因不同,而菌株ATCC9029与菌株NRRL-3是同一菌株。[结论]该研究获得了GOD基因的全长序列,为GOD的生物工程生产和相关植物基因工程奠定了基础。