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1.
Neutrophils were isolated from the blood of pregnant cows on days 255, 265, and 275 of pregnancy, and on the day of parturition (n = 5/group), and in addition, simultaneously from 4 ovariectomized healthy cows (control animals). Neutrophils were subjected to neutrophil function assays (chemotaxis against zymosan-activated serum, random migration, ingestion of 125I-iododeoxyuridine [IdUR]-labeled Staphylococcus aureus, iodination of proteins, cytochrome C reduction, antibody-independent and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). Results were expressed as percentage of control animals. Fetal placental tissue (cotyledon), uterine wall tissue, and skeletal muscle were obtained from the principal animals on the aforementioned days via laparotomy, and tissue suspensions were prepared. Chemotaxis of neutrophils was tested against tissue supernatants. Compared with day 255, there was an increase in ingestion of 125I-IdUR-S aureus at parturition, whereas iodination of proteins and cytochrome C reduction were reduced on the day of calving. The other neutrophil functions tested did not change over time of gestation. Fetal placental and uterine wall tissue attracted neutrophils with uterine wall tissue having a tendency to be more potent than cotyledonary tissue. Skeletal muscle tissue did not attract neutrophils. There was no change in chemotaxis response of neutrophils evoked by intrauterine and uterine tissues over time of gestation. It was concluded that at parturition, neutrophil function is impaired with respect to their bactericidal effects, which may render the animal more susceptible to bacterial infections, and that the chemoattractant properties of fetal placental and uterine wall tissues are tissue-specific, at least when compared with skeletal muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
2.
G. F. Difford D. W. Olijhoek A. L. F. Hellwing P. Lund M. A. Bjerring Y. de Haas 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2018,68(1):25-32
This study assessed the ranking of dairy cows using individual-level correlations for methane (CH4) emission on-farm using sniffers and in respiration chambers. In total 20 lactating dairy cows, ten Holstein and ten Jerseys were recorded using sniffers installed in milking robots for three weeks of lactation and subsequently in respiration chambers (RC) where they were each recorded on three occasions within the RC. Bivariate linear mixed models were used to determine the individual-level correlations (rI) between sniffer and RC phenotypes as proxies for genetic correlations. Despite differences in feeding and management, the predicted CH4 production from sniffers correlated highly with RC CH4 production rI?=?0.77?±?0.18 and CH4 breath concentration correlated nearly as well with RC CH4 production rI?=?0.75?±?0.20. These correlations between sniffers on-farm and RC demonstrate the potential of sniffers measurements as large-scale indicator traits for CH4 emissions in dairy cattle. 相似文献
3.
4.
This article describes the Finnish meat-inspection curriculum and presents an expert-panel evaluation of meat-inspection education. The work tasks of the meat-inspection veterinarian are challenging and include classical meat inspection, meat hygiene, hygiene control, and animal disease and welfare. The meat-inspection veterinarian is not only an inspector, which by itself is very demanding, but also an expert or "consultant" on food safety. The significant role of the meat-inspection veterinarian in society puts high demands on meat-inspection education, which should provide veterinary students with sufficient tools to perform meat inspection and hygiene control in slaughterhouses, cutting premises, and further processing plants. To be of high quality, such education must be evaluated from time to time. An expert panel evaluated Finnish undergraduate meat-inspection education and found that it provides veterinary students with good knowledge of meat inspection. The structure of the curriculum, with theoretical studies followed by four weeks of practice in a slaughterhouse, was considered vital for learning and for creating interest in meat inspection. The evaluation also revealed that certain subjects should receive greater emphasis and some new subjects should be introduced. Hygiene-control tasks, in particular, have increased and should receive more emphasis in education. Personnel management and interaction skills should be introduced into the curriculum as these skills influence all the duties of the meat-inspection veterinarian. This article outlines the subjects to be included in the modern, high-quality meat-inspection curriculum recommended by the expert panel. 相似文献
5.
Sollepura B. Rajini Murali Nandhini Arkere C. Udayashankar Siddapura R. Niranjana Ole S. Lund Harischandra S. Prakash 《Plant pathology》2020,69(4):642-654
The diversity of fungal endophytes in Sorghum bicolor was investigated in samples collected from 10 different geographical regions of Karnataka state, India. A total of 360 endophytes were isolated from leaf, stem, and root tissues and were assigned to 26 fungal species based on morphology and molecular characterization using ITS sequences. All the endophytes belonged to the phylum Ascomycota. The diversity (Shannon H, 2.57; Simpson_1-D, 0.92) and species richness (Margalef's, 4.68; Menhinick, 3.61) were found to be higher for the endophytes isolated from leaf tissues. The species evenness of the endophytic assemblage was strongly influenced by tissue type, followed by geographical location. The biocontrol potential of isolated endophytes was evaluated against economically destructive sorghum grain mould pathogens such as Fusarium thapsinum, Epicoccum sorghinum, Alternaria alternata, and Curvularia lunata using the dual culture method. Biocontrol potential was exhibited by 26 endophytic isolates, of which Trichoderma asperellum recorded broad-spectrum activity against target pathogens, followed by E. nigrum and A. longipes. Most (82%) endophytes showed plant growth-promoting traits. Biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was observed in 84% of isolates, and phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, and cellulase activity was observed in 69%, 23%, and 27% of isolates, respectively. Seeds treated with T. asperellum exhibited a significantly higher seed vigour index (2096), germination percentage (94%), and yield under greenhouse and field conditions. The results were substantiated by the confocal microscopy analysis, which clearly demonstrated the colonization of treated endophyte in root tissues. The present study reveals an ecofriendly approach to explore T. asperellum in sorghum disease management. 相似文献
6.
Effects of Dietary Digestible Protein and Energy Levels on Growth Performance,Feed Utilization,and Body Composition of Juvenile Permit,Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
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Huy Quang Nguyen Thiet Chi Chu Thuy Thi Le Nguyen Ivar Lund 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(5):943-952
A 9‐wk study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary protein and energy on growth performance of juvenile permit, Trachinotus falcatus, growing from approximately 30 to 150 g. Nine experimental diets were formulated to contain three levels of crude protein (400, 450, and 500 g/kg dry matter [DM]); and three levels of crude lipid (100, 200, and 300 g/kg DM) in a 3 × 3 factorial design. Growth rate and feed efficiency were significantly improved with increasing dietary protein levels from 400 to 500 g/kg and with dietary lipid levels from 100 to 200 g/kg. Fish body protein content was positively correlated with dietary ratio of digestible protein (DP) to digestible energy (DE) (P < 0.01, R2 = 0.83), while body lipid was negatively correlated with dietary DP/DE (R2 = 0.55, P < 0.05) but positively correlated with dietary DE levels (R2 = 0.66, P < 0.01). Results showed a protein‐sparing effect, as protein retention was significantly increased by increasing dietary lipid level. In conclusion, the diet containing DP of 392.7 g/kg and DE of 18.8 MJ/kg (DM), corresponding to a DP/DE of 20.9 g/MJ, is suggested as an optimal feed for growth and feed efficiency in juvenile permit. 相似文献
7.
Martin Føre Jo Arve AlfredsenAage Gronningsater 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2011,76(2):240-251
Two novel acoustic transmitter tags intended to reflect feeding behaviours in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) were developed and tested in this study. Using information from the literature and video recordings of feeding salmon, measurements of swimming depth and motion (acceleration) were identified as two promising sensing principles on which to base the tag development. Video footage and laboratory studies were used to develop corresponding algorithms that translated depth and acceleration measurements into compound parameters reflecting the different aspects that discern feeding activity from other activities. Field tests performed in a sea-farm were used to verify the functionality of the tags, and indicated that both tag types had potential in distinguishing between feeding and non-feeding behaviour. Additionally, both depth- and acceleration-based tags were seen to have applications to fish monitoring and farm management beyond that of observing feeding in salmon, in giving recordings of the vertical swimming behaviour of fish over extended periods of time as well as indications of the activity changes of fish due to external influences. These results suggest that fish telemetry using sensor-based transmitter tags could represent a useful tool in future fish farm management. 相似文献
8.
Gagne JM Armstrong PJ Weiss DJ Lund EM Feeney DA King VL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1999,214(4):513-516
OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical and clinicopathologic findings in and prognosis for cats with lymphocytic portal hepatitis (LPH) versus cats with acute or chronic cholangiohepatitis (CH). DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 25 cats with LPH; 16 cats with CH (7 acute, 9 chronic). PROCEDURE: Cats with LPH and CH were selected by evaluating records from liver biopsy specimens submitted to the University of Minnesota Veterinary Teaching Hospital during a 10-year period. Clinical and clinicopathologic data were retrieved. RESULTS: Cats with CH had higher segmented and band neutrophil counts, alanine aminotransferase activities, and total bilirubin concentrations than did cats with LPH. Cats with acute CH had higher segmented and band neutrophil counts and lower serum alkaline phosphatase activities and total bilirubin concentrations than did cats with chronic CH. Twelve of 14 cats with LPH or CH had coarse or nodular texture to the liver on ultrasonography, with loss of portal vein wall clarity noticed in 4 of 8 cats with LPH. Sixteen of 23 cats with LPH and 8 of 15 cats with CH survived > 1 year. Of those cats living < 1 year, all cats with LPH and 5 of 7 cats with CH had a serious concurrent illness that may have been responsible for their deaths. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: LPH and CH can be detected and tentatively differentiated through evaluation of clinical laboratory test results, but histologic evaluation of liver specimens is necessary for definitive differentiation. Survival time was good regardless of the type of inflammatory liver disease. 相似文献
9.
Kuhl S Mischke R Lund C Günzel-Apel AR 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2000,107(11):438-443
Reference values were determined for blood plasma concentrations of albumin, total protein, glucose, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, cholesterin, triglycerides, total calcium und anorganic phosphate as well as the activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine-amino-transferase (ALT) and glutamate-dehydrogenase based on 109-124 healthy puppies at different times (1st-3rd, 8th-10th, 28th-33rd, and 50th-58th day of life). In addition, all the results were calculated separately for the breeds involved in this study (Beagle [n = 34-40], German Shepherd [n = 32-35] and Golden Retriever [n = 43-53]). Furthermore, male and female puppies were compared. All examined parameters showed remarkable dynamics during the suckling period. Often the values exceeded respectively fell below the reference ranges for adult dogs. Significant systematic breed influences as for instance a significantly lower glucose concentration for the German Shepherd puppies were also found for other parameters, especially for alkaline phosphatase and ALT. However, differences between male and female animals were only present sporadically and were of minor clinical relevance. The gathered breed differences show that it is worthwhile not only to acquire age specific reference ranges but also breed specific reference ranges for selected parameters. On the other hand, reference ranges without the definition of the breed can only be used for orientation. 相似文献