2015―2020年国家西北内陆棉区棉花品种区域试验参试品种(系)枯黄萎病抗性评述

对2015-2020年参加西北内陆棉区区域试验的192个棉花品种(系)枯萎病、黄萎病的抗性分析,为棉花抗病育种及品种推广提供依据.结果表明,参试棉花品种(系)未出现对枯萎病和黄萎病免疫的品种;参试棉花品种(系)对枯萎病的抗性水平较高,除2018年高抗和抗病品种(系)占比为88.2％外,其他年份均在92％以上;参试的品种...     

Effect of Discontinuous Administration of β -glucan and Glycyrrhizin on the Growth and Immunity of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei

A six-week growth trial was conducted to compare the effects of different feeding strate- gies of dietary immunostimulants on the growth and immunity of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei （4.70 ±0.20g）. Shrimps were fed with diet containing glycyrrhizin continuously, containing β -glucan continuously, discontinuously （seven days with diet containing β -gluseven days with diet without -glucan; two days with diet containing β-glucan following five days with diet without -glucan）,     

不同蛋能比对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长、饲料转化、血清指标和体组成的影响

导读：虾料配制时首先考虑的因子。 前言 凡纳滨对虾原产于美洲中南部的太平洋沿岸,我国于1988年引进,由于该虾生长快、适应性强、食性广、价格高、抗病力强等优点,迅速成为主要养殖品种。当前,饲料成本占总养殖成本的50～60％,而蛋白水平又是影响生长性能和饲料成本的主要因素。那么怎样才能降低饲料成本呢？通过优化蛋白能量和非蛋白能量在饲料中的比例,可以达到这一目的。如果蛋白相对于能量过量,那么,     

磷矿周围环境镉污染情况调查研究

为掌握磷矿区周围镉污染情况,确保畜禽养殖生产安全,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对矿区周围环境中的水源、土壤、饲草和畜禽体内的镉污染程度展开调查。结果：矿区环境中土壤、地表水镉含量均超标;畜禽中牛肾脏、牛肠、牛肺脏、羊脾脏、羊肌肉镉含量超标。结论：磷矿周围环境以及饲养的牲畜存在较严重的镉污染,从公共卫生学角度应给予高度关注。     

基于Web of Science的五味子研究态势分析

基于Web of Science数据库,采用文献计量学方法,分析了2001—2014年10月10日全球发表的关于五味子研究的文献类型,年度发文量,居世界前10名的国家、机构、期刊和研究方向等情况。结果表明:2001—2014年10月10日全球发表的五味子文献共695篇,文献类型以学术论文为主;论文的产出量呈逐年上升趋势,2013年发文量最高,约是2001年的9倍;中国、韩国和美国发文量居世界前3位,中国发文量最多,为453篇;中国科学院和中国医学科学院论文数量多;最有学术影响力的发文期刊是《Organic Letters》,化学、药物药理及植物科学是五味子研究的重点领域。     

电车接触网腕臂的计算

电气化铁道的“三大元件”分为接触网、电力机车和牵引变电所。本论文论述时速200Km/h高速电气化铁路的接触网电车接触网腕臂的计算,接触网的计算精确程度就关系到接触线悬挂的可靠程度,故接触网计算是设计中基础的工作内容,其计算主要分为腕臂的计算和接触网的负载计算。文章详细分析了腕臂长度的计算方法,重点介绍了路基曲线区段腕臂长度、转换柱和中心柱腕臂长度的计算。     

A 13CO2 Enrichment Experiment to Study the Synthesis Pathways of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of the Haptophyte Tisochrysis lutea

The production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in Tisochrysis lutea was studied using the gradual incorporation of a ¹³C-enriched isotopic marker, ¹³CO₂, for 24 h during the exponential growth of the algae. The ¹³C enrichment of eleven fatty acids was followed to understand the synthetic pathways the most likely to form the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) in T. lutea. The fatty acids 16:0, 18:1n-9 + 18:3n-3, 18:2n-6, and 22:5n-6 were the most enriched in ¹³C. On the contrary, 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3 were the least enriched in ¹³C after long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 or 22:5n-3. The algae appeared to use different routes in parallel to form its polyunsaturated fatty acids. The use of the PKS pathway was hypothesized for polyunsaturated fatty acids with n-6 configuration (such as 22:5n-6) but might also exist for n-3 PUFA (especially 20:5n-3). With regard to the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway, Δ6 desaturation of 18:3n-3 appeared to be the most limiting step for T. lutea, “stopping” at the synthesis of 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3. These two fatty acids were hypothesized to not undergo any further reaction of elongation and desaturation after being formed and were therefore considered “end-products”. To circumvent this limiting synthetic route, Tisochrysis lutea seemed to have developed an alternative route via Δ8 desaturation to produce longer chain fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 and 22:5n-3. 22:6n-3 presented a lower enrichment and appeared to be produced by a combination of different pathways: the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway by desaturation of 22:5n-3, the alternative route of ω-3 desaturase using 22:5n-6 as precursor, and possibly the PKS pathway. In this study, PKS synthesis looked particularly effective for producing long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The rate of enrichment of these compounds hypothetically synthesized by PKS is remarkably fast, making undetectable the ¹³C incorporation into their precursors. Finally, we identified a protein cluster gathering PKS sequences of proteins that are hypothesized allowing n-3 PUFA synthesis.     

Replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal in diets for large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea

A growth experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of fish meal (FM) by meat and bone meal (MBM) in diets on the growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Six isonitrogenous (43% crude protein) and isoenergetic (20 kJ g^− 1) diets replacing 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75% FM protein by MBM protein were formulated. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish in sea floating cages (1.0 × 1.0 × 1.5 m), and each cage was stocked with 180 fish (initial average weight of 1.88 ± 0.02 g). Fish were fed twice daily (05:00 and 17:30) to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The water temperature ranged from 26.5 to 32.5 °C, salinity from 32 to 36‰, and dissolved oxygen content was approximately 7 mg l^− 1 during the experimental period. Survival decreased with increasing dietary MBM and the survival in the fish fed the diet with 75% protein from MBM was significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) among the fish fed the diets with 0 (the control group), 15, 30 and 45% protein from MBM. However, SGR in the fish fed the diets with 60 and 75% protein from MBM were significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences in feeding rate were observed among dietary treatments. The digestibility experiment showed that the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy of MBM were significantly lower compared with those of FM (P < 0.05). Essential amino acid index was found to be correlated positively with SGR in the present study, suggesting that essential amino acid balance was important. Body composition analysis showed that the carcass protein and essential amino acids were not significantly affected by dietary MBM. The lipid and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3 HUFA) in fish muscle, however, significantly decreased with increasing dietary MBM. These results showed that 45% of FM protein could be replaced by MBM protein in diets of large yellow croaker without significantly reducing growth. It was suggested that the reduced growth with higher MBM was due to lower digestibility and imbalance of essential amino acids.     

设施农业介质消毒技术与设备的现状和发展

针对设施农业高密度栽培及同一地块上连年种植作物,使得土传病害、病原菌得以不断的积累、生长和繁殖而造成严重减产或降低产品质量的问题,论述了栽培介质消毒技术与设备的国内外应用现状,介绍了当前常用栽培介质消毒方法及设备的原理与研究成果,指出了不同消毒方法及设备所存在的问题及适用状况;分析和讨论了设施农业栽培介质消毒设备的技术发展.作为设施农业代表性的核心装备之一,高度机械化、无污染、高新技术的运用是其主要的发展趋势.