Effects of the biodeterioration caused by two molds on some food substances ofAnanas comosus

The effect of spoilage produced byCeratocystis paradoxa andCurvularia verruculosa on the sugar, protein and citric acid contents of host pineapple fruits was investigated. The spoilage byC. verruculosa produced complete loss of sugars in fruits. InC. verruculosa- andC. paradoxa-diseased fruits, complete loss of citric acid was recorded, accompanied by an increase in the total protein content of the fruits. The total acidity of infected fruits was found to vary between pH 4.0 and 6.0, while that of control fruits was between pH 6.2 and 6.5.Ceratocystis paradoxa andC. verruculosa had optimum mycelial production atpH 6.0 and 7.0, respectively.     

中泰大学生英文E-mail写作独特词汇的对比研究

定量和定性地剖析了中泰两所大学学生的英文E—mail写作独特词汇，即两校学生没有相互共用的词汇。结果表明，华南农业大学（简称华农大）的学生在使用独特词汇的“质”和“量”上都比泰国宋卡王子大学（简称王子大学）学生要强。认知词汇量相同的情况下，华农大学生使用了594词族而王子大学没有使用的词汇，王子大学只使用了302词族华农大没有使用的词汇。定语从句的连词“which”，虽在华农大的文章平均每篇出现1．2次，并未在王子大学的写作出现；华农大学生使用了更多语义上相近的词，如：“if”和“whether”、“but”和“althoush，thoush，however”及“what”和“whatever”。独特词汇主要受两国文化和地理位置及学生使用词汇能力的影响。     

Chemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Artemisia annua L. from Bosnia

Hydrodistilled volatile oil obtained from the aerial parts of Artemisia annua L., cultivated near Sarajevo, Bosnia, was analyzed by GC-MS. More than one hundred compounds were identi?ed, representing 95.5% of the total oil. The major constituents of essential oil were oxygenated monoterpenes, artemisia ketone (30.7%) and camphor (15.8%). Isolated essential oil was tested for radical-scavenging ability using the stable DPPH radical, the ABTS radical, for reducing power ability with a test based on the reduction of ferric cations, for reducing ability of hydroxy radical in ORAC assay, and for metal chelating ability using the ferrozine assay. In all tests oil did not show a prominent antioxidant activity, but still comparable with thymol, an already known antioxidant. The screening of antimicrobial activity of oil was individually evaluated against representatives of Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, using the agar diffusion method. All tested microorganisms were inhibited by essential oil. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of antimicrobial activity of essential oil of A. annua against Haemophilus influenzae, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Micrococcus luteus and Candida krusei microbial strains. The antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activity of essential oil of A. annua from Bosnia is presented here for the first time and extends our knowledge in the range of valuable biological activities and possible roles in therapy associated with this medicinal herb.