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We propose an isotopic fractionation mechanism, based on photolytic destruction, to explain the 15N/14N and 18O/16O fractionation of stratospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) and reconcile laboratory experiments with atmospheric observations. The theory predicts that (i) the isotopomers 15N14N16O and 14N15N16O have very different isotopic fractionations in the stratosphere, and (ii) laboratory photolysis experiments conducted at 205 nanometers should better simulate the observed isotopic fractionation of stratospheric N2O. Modeling results indicate that there is no compelling reason to invoke a significant chemical source of N2O in the middle atmosphere and that individual N2O isotopomers might be useful tracers of stratospheric air parcel motion. 相似文献
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The traditional process for the retting of melon pulp and microbiological characteristics in the recovery of melon seeds ( Colocynthis citrullus L.) were investigated. Melon pods were sliced open and exposed for seven days. The pulp underwent a natural fermentation that was characterised by the growth of microorganisms to 108–1010 cfu/g. The pH fluctuated between 4.8 and 5.1 with a lactic acid content of 0.72%. Bacillus subtilis, B. polymyxa, Lactobacillus fermentum, L. brevis and Streptococcus faecalis were the predominant microorganisms but, significant contributions were made by Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Enterobacter cloacae. Penicillium, Aspergillus and Rhizopus species including the yeasts, Sacharomyces cerevisiae Candida krusei and Deboromyces hansenii were isolated from the fermentation. Growth of microorganisms was completely inhibited in antibiotic-treated samples indicating that the melon pods were the main source of microorganisms for the fermentation. 相似文献
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Akubo PI Achi OK Offonry SU 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2002,57(2):191-196
The storage stability of melon milk at room (30 ± 2 °C)and refrigeration (10 ± 2 °C) temperatures was determined by analyzing changes in the chemical, microbial andsensory properties of the milk stored for 7 days. Theresults showed that at both storage temperatures, solublesolids and pH of the milk decreased while titratableacidity increased with storage. The standard plate countsincreased appreciably while coliforms were absent in themilk with storage at both storage temperatures. The overallacceptability score of the melon milk dropped duringstorage, the drop being faster at 30 ± 2 °C than at 10 ± 2 °C. The milk samples stored at 30 ± 2 °C and 10 ± 2 °C were acceptable only within one and three days, respectively; thereafter, theywere unacceptable. 相似文献
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兽药行政审批工作,是法律设定的具有强制力的政府行为,对管理相对人和生产者、畜产品消费者的利益影响重大,处理不好,很容易引发社会矛盾。兽药管理在管理制度、管理内容和管理形式上,与人用药品管理都有很多相似之处,国家食品药品监督管理局腐败案件的发生,给我们敲响了警钟。本文结合近年来兽药管理工作实践,借鉴发达国家的先进管理理念,从树立先进审批理念、严格审批程序和建立完善权力运行机制等3个方面着重阐述了兽药行政审批工作应坚持以科学发展观为指导,转变审批理念,完善审批程序,提高审批效能。 相似文献
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Achi OK 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1999,54(2):151-158
Pretreated soy flour was used to replace 10, 20, 30 and 40% of fermented yam flour as a protein supplement. The effect of the supplementation on the physicochemical and sensory properties of amala, a popular West African food made from rehydrated yam flour, was investigated. Blanching (10 min in boiling water) and subsequent fermentation (24 h) as pretreatment methods produced flour that was lighter in color than the unfermented samples. Protein content of the yam-soy mixture increased from 3.5% in the control to 19.7% for 40% soy fortification. Water binding capacity increased from 212.6 g/100 g for the yam flour control to 257.3 g/100 g for the blend with 40% soy flour. However, swelling capacity and solubility were adversely affected with increased soy flour addition as dough became sticky and soft. There was no significant difference in color, taste, flavor or overall acceptability when compared with the control up to 20% soy substitution. Dough with 20% soy flour is a possibility for increasing the protein content of yam flour in human feeding. 相似文献
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女士们、先生们: 今秋以来,经国家禽流感参考实验室确诊,我国内蒙古自治区、安徽省、湖南省先后各发生一起H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感疫情. 相似文献
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O. K. Achi 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1992,42(4):297-304
Okpiye is a food condiment prepared by the fermentation ofProsopis africana seeds. The traditional process for the production and microbiological characteristics of the condiment were investigated. During laboratory fermentation that lasted 96h, the mesquite seeds underwent a natural fermentation that was characterised by the growth of microorganisms to 106–108 cfu/g. Several species of bacteria especiallyB. subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, Staphylococcus epidermidis andMicrococcus spp were found to be the most actively involved organisms. However, significant contributions to the microbial ecology were made byEnterobacter cloacae andKlebsiella pneumoniae. Lactobacillus spp were present in low numbers towards the end of the fermentation. The presence ofProteus andPseudomonas spp in traditional fermented samples demonstrate the variability which may exist in the microflora of individual fermented samples. Variations in the important microbial groups show thatBacillus spp were the most prevalent species and occurred until the end of fermentation. Temperature, pH and titratable acidity varied with time and were influenced by the metabolic activities of the microorganisms. 相似文献