内蒙古荒漠草原东部植被指标动态变化及其与气候变化的关系

本研究以内蒙古荒漠草原东部的苏尼特右旗为研究区域,利用2003—2013年草原植被高度、覆盖度、鲜草和干草产量等植被指标动态变化数据,结合水热等重要气候因子,分析了区域植被指标时空动态变化与气候因子变化趋势,并对植被指标动态变化与气候变化最佳模型进行评价与筛选。结果表明,该区域气温和降水量整体呈“冷干化”趋势,植被覆盖度、高度、草产量与降水量呈正相关关系,与气温呈负相关关系;降水量对荒漠草原植被影响更大。植被年最大高度、覆盖度、草产量与水热因子存在时滞效应。植被高度、鲜草产量、干草产量与水热因子最优拟合模型均为二项式模型,植被覆盖度与水热因子最优拟合模型为幂指数模型。     

Effects of nitrogen forms on growth and nitrogen assimilation and utilization of Buchloe dactyloides北大核心CSCD

This research explored the nitrogen (N) uptake preference of Buchloe dactyloides, in order to improve the management of this species over the whole growth cycle. The experiment included two cultivars of B. dactyloides (‘Sundancer’ and ‘Texoka’) and four different N regimes (N0: No N as the control, N1: Urea, N2: Nitrate N, N3: Ammonium N and N4: a 1:1 mixture of nitrate N and ammonium N). The rate of N applied was 500 mg N·kg soil–1 in each case. It was found that total N content, root nitrate reductase (NR) activity, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and shoot glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity of B. dactyloides were significantly improved by adding mixed N (P<0.05). Shoot nitrate N content of B. dactyloides was significantly improved by adding nitrate N (P<0.05). Root nitrate N and ammonium N contents of B. dactyloides were significantly improved by adding urea (P<0.05). The shoot ammonium N content and NR activity of B. dactyloides were significantly improved by adding ammonium N (P<0.05). Shoot GS activity of B. dactyloides was significantly reduced by adding ammonium N (P<0.05). Root GOGAT activity of B. dactyloides was significantly reduced by adding nitrate N (P<0.05). Mixed N can better improve the physiological activity and promote the growth of B. dactyloides, but single nitrogen source will inhibit some nitrogen assimilase activity. Based on these results, it is recommended that 1:1 mixed nitrogen should be used as the nitrogen source in the production of B. dactyloides. Where the ammonium:nitrate is not 1:1, urea should be used as the nitrogen source. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

野牛草碳氮磷密度分配特征

为探究不同野牛草(Buchloe dactyloides)种质资源在同一种植条件下生物量和碳(Carbon, C)、氮(Nitrogen, N)、磷(Phosphorus, P)元素的分配规律,本研究以40份野牛草种质资源为研究对象,通过分析种植一年的野牛草的生物量和C,N,P含量及密度特征,发现地上生物量和C密度均是地下的两倍左右,地上N,P密度略小于地下部分,这说明野牛草N,P养分优先供应给根系,生物量和C养分优先分配给地上部分。通过因子分析将野牛草C,N,P密度及比值等18个指标浓缩成4个因子,聚类分析将野牛草种质资源分为5类,C,N,P密度及比值特征相近、地理种源相近的种质资源大多被分在同一组,其中HC-16,5-1B,71-10A,7-1C,A,8-1A,53-2A,63-5B,26-3A这9个种质资源在种植条件一致的情况下表现良好,均具有较高的C,N,P含量及较大的生物量,抗逆性较好,适宜应用于多种生境环境推广种植。     

地菍总黄酮对胰岛素抵抗小鼠的干预作用及机制研究

本研究旨在探讨地菍总黄酮（TFMD）对胰岛素抵抗（IR）小鼠的干预作用及其机制。试验以灌胃高脂乳剂建立胰岛素抵抗小鼠模型,同时灌胃给予地菍总黄酮混悬液（高剂量（600 mg/kg）、中剂量（300 mg/kg）及低剂量（150 mg/kg））进行治疗,治疗周期为30 d。试验结束后测定小鼠血清中空腹血清胰岛素（FINS）、空腹血糖（FBG）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）、血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）及高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平;利用实时荧光定量PCR法检测各组小鼠肝脏中胰岛素受体（InsR）、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ（PPAR-γ）及骨骼肌中葡萄糖转运体4（GLUT4）的mRNA表达水平;利用免疫组化技术检测各组小鼠肝脏中InsR、PPAR-γ和骨骼肌中GLUT4的蛋白表达水平。结果显示,与模型组相比,地菍总黄酮能降低IR小鼠的体重,降低血清FBG、FINS及HOMA-IR水平,升高ISI水平（P<0.01,P<0.05）;降低血清TG、TC及LDL含量,升高HDL含量（P<0.01,P<0.05）;同时提高IR小鼠肝脏中InsR、PPAR-γ及骨骼肌中GLUT4的mRNA表达量,提高小鼠肝脏InsR、PPAR-γ及骨骼肌中GLUT4的蛋白表达水平（P<0.01,P<0.05）。以上试验结果证实,地菍总黄酮能有效缓解小鼠试验性胰岛素抵抗症状,该活性与调节糖脂代谢、增强胰岛素敏感性有关。