肯尼亚进一步扩大月季生产

肯尼亚的花卉产业不仅规模进一步扩大,科技水平也在不断提升。一些人认为,随着产量的提高,其焦点将向营销方面转移。     

脱毒蓖麻饼在鲤鱼日粮中的应用研究

蓖麻饼(Castor bean meal),含有35%左右的粗蛋白和丰富的氨基酸.但是蓖麻饼中含有毒蛋白、蓖麻碱和变应原等对家畜有害的物质,从而影响了其饲用价值.目前,蓖麻饼的脱毒技术已经解决,但脱毒后的蓖麻饼在饲料中的用量受残毒和过高的粗纤维限制.脱毒蓖麻饼在陆生动物日粮中的添加量是:羊10%(Purushothan、N P,1986),鸡10%(Okorie,A.u等,1987),猪10%(蒋万春等,1989).而在鱼饲料中的使用还未见报道.     

脱毒蓖麻饼代替部分豆饼养殖鲤鱼研究

蓖麻饼是蓖麻籽榨油后的副产品,含粗蛋白质32～35%。我国年产量约20万吨(1990),内蒙古地区是主产地,年产约7万吨,仅决于葵花饼。由于蓖麻饼含有毒性成分(毒蛋白、蓖麻碱、变应原等),直接饲用易导致动物中毒,因此蓖麻饼在饲用前需进行脱毒。近年来,人们广泛开展了蓖麻饼脱毒方法的研究,其中热喷脱毒法因脱毒效果好,易于工厂化生产而得到推广,热喷脱毒饼在畜禽日粮中的应用研究也取得了良好效果。为此,我们采用热喷脱毒蓖麻饼进行了代替部分豆饼饲喂鲤鱼的试验,探讨蓖麻饼饲喂鱼类的可行性。     

Interactive effect of ractopamine and dietary fat source on quality characteristics of fresh pork bellies

Crossbred pigs (n = 216) were used to test the interaction, if any, of ractopamine (RAC) and dietary fat source on the characteristics of fresh pork bellies. Pigs were blocked by BW (77.6 +/- 6.5 kg) and allotted randomly to pens (6 pigs/pen). After receiving a common diet devoid of RAC for 2 wk, pens within blocks were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatments arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial design, with 5% fat (beef tallow vs. soybean oil) and RAC (0 vs. 10 mg/kg). At the conclusion of the 35-d feeding period, pigs were slaughtered at a commercial pork packing plant (average BW of 108.8 +/- 0.6 kg), and fresh bellies were captured during carcass fabrication. Neither RAC (P = 0.362) nor fat source (P = 0.247) affected belly thickness. Subjective (bar-suspension) or objective (compression test) measures of belly firmness were not (P > or = 0.148) affected by the inclusion of RAC in the diet; however, bellies from pigs fed soybean oil (SBO) were softer than those from pigs fed beef tallow (BT), as indicated by perpendicular (P < or = 0.005) and parallel (P < 0.001) suspensions. Moreover, bellies from BT-fed pigs required more (P = 0.096) force to compress 50% of their thickness than bellies from SBO-fed pigs (52.29 vs. 43.51 kg). Color (L*, a*, and b* values) of the belly lean and fat was not (P > or = 0.131) affected by RAC, and lean color was similar (P > or = 0.262) between fat sources; however, belly fat from BT-fed pigs was lighter (P = 0.030) and redder (P = 0.013) in color than belly fat from SBO-fed pigs. Bellies of SBO-fed pigs had greater (P < 0.001) proportions of PUFA and lower (P < 0.001) proportions of SFA and MUFA than belly fat from pigs fed BT. Regardless of the RAC inclusion level, PUFA:SFA and iodine values were lower in belly fat from pigs fed BT than SBO; however, within SBO-fed pigs, PUFA:SFA and iodine values were further increased by feeding RAC (RAC x fat source, P < 0.001). As expected, dietary fat source altered the fatty acid composition of fresh pork bellies, which subsequently impacted fresh belly firmness. Interestingly, including RAC in swine finishing diets exacerbated the effect of feeding SBO on pork fat polyunsaturation.     

Treatment of severe immune-mediated thrombocytopenia with human IV immunoglobulin in 5 dogs

BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoids with or without other immunotherapy are the initial treatment of choice for dogs with severe immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT). The majority of treated dogs will have improvements in platelet counts within 5 to 7 days of starting therapy, but complications from hemorrhage often occur before a response is seen. Human IV immunoglobulin (hIVIG) blocks Fc receptors on mononuclear phagocytic cells in dogs; it is used in people with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to describe adverse effects and benefit of hIVIG in addition to conventional immunosuppressive therapy in dogs with severe IMT. ANIMALS: Five client-owned dogs with severe primary IMT. METHODS: Case series. The hospital database was searched for dogs with primary IMT treated with hIVIG. RESULTS: No adverse effects were noted during or after hIVIG infusion in any treated dog. Over a 6-month follow-up, all dogs were clinically normal when using conventional immunosuppressive therapy. Human IVIG was administered 3 days after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy in 4 dogs, and, after 2 days, in 1 dog. In all dogs, the mean platelet counts pre- and 24 hours post-hIVIG infusion (0.28-0.76 g/kg) were 2,500/pL and 50,600/microL (62,750/microL for the 4 responders), respectively. One dog failed to respond as promptly to hIVIG (0.34 g/kg), and the platelet count increased to 66,000/microL after 9 days of immunosuppressive therapy. The mean duration of hospitalization post-hIVIG in all 5 dogs was 1.8 days (12 hours for responders), and the mean total length of hospitalization was 4.6 days (3.5 days for responders). Active hemorrhage resolved and no packed red blood cell transfusions were required after hIVIG infusion for responders. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Human IVIG was well tolerated and appeared to be associated with rapid platelet count recovery and amelioration of clinical signs in most dogs with IMT.     

美国三州养猪营养手册(连载二)

注:由于本书为翻译作品,所以其中使用的多为英制单位。 1磅=0．4536千克 1品脱=0．4732公升华氏'F(Fahrenheit)=℃X9／5 32 摄氏℃(Celsius or Centigrade)=9／5X('F-32) “华氏温标”是经验温标之一。在美国的日常生活中,多采用这种温标。规定在一大气压下水的冰点为32度,沸点为212度,两个标准点之间分为180等分,每等分代表1度。华氏温度用字母“'F”表示。它与撮氏温度(℃)和华氏温度('F)之间的换算关系为'F=9／5℃ 32,或℃=5／9('F-32)。猪的生长与发育猪是一种快速生长的动物,从出生到12月龄,体重增长可以达到100倍以上。要获得这么快的增重速度,猪就需要摄取大量的营养素用于组织生长。至少在猪达到成熟体型前, 其主要体组织成分的生长始终处于变化之中。     

美国三州养猪营养手册(连载五)

公猪饲喂公猪的目的是获得最好的精液品质和最大的精液量,最近人们更加关注延长公猪的使用寿命。关于公猪营养需要的研究甚少,因此商品种猪场和个体饲养的公猪所使用的饲养管理方式能参考的只有少量研究结果。一般用在生长育肥猪上作的试验和研究的有关数据来确定公猪的营养需要。关于生长公猪和成年公猪的营养需要见表13。     

蓖麻愈伤组织对铜的抗性研究（英文）

[目的]研究铜胁迫下蓖麻愈伤组织的增殖及其铜吸收作用。[方法]将配制成不同浓度的CuSO4·5H2O水溶液分别加入愈伤组织继代培养基,接种愈伤组织,计算出愈伤组织对铜的抗性指数。并通过火焰原子吸收光谱法测定愈伤组织铜含量。[结果]铜浓度60 mg/L条件下,愈伤组织的增长受到抑制,抗性指数仅为33.87%;铜浓度40 mg/L时,愈伤组织呈淡黄色,生长较快,抗性指数达到61.29%,并且这种抗性可以保持至连续继代培养6周之后。培养至第4周,铜浓度分别在10、20、30、40 mg/L各处理的抗性指数都高于第3周,各处理愈伤组织铜含量依次为0.33、0.54、1.16、1.40 mg/g。[结论]培养基铜含量40 mg/L可作为筛选铜抗性蓖麻愈伤组织的临界值。