Effects of arrangement of surge-rootirrigation emitters on growth,yield andwater use efficiency of apple trees

Six-year old apple trees were selected for field experiment. The objective of this study was to obtain the reasonable arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters in apple orchards. There were three factors: the buried depth H( 25,40,55 cm),the horizontal distance L( 30,40,60 cm) between the emitters and the trunk of the experimental tree,and the number of the irrigation emitters N( 1,2,4). The effect of the arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters on the growth,yield and irrigation water use efficiency( IWUE) of apple trees were studied in Northern Shaanxi where the irrigation quota takes 60%-75% of the field water capacity. The results showed that the arrangement of emitters for surge-root irrigation had a significant effect on apple tree yield and IWUE,especially,the yield and IWUE reached 28 388. 17 kg/hm2 and 16. 83 kg/m3 in treatment T3,respectively. At the same L and N levels( T1,T2,and T3),the yield and IWUE in treatment T3 were the highest,and the yields in treatments T1 and T2 were decreased by 26.22% and 31.48%,while IWUE is reduced by14.02% and 18.12% compared with T3,respectively. At the same H and N levels( T3,T4,and T5),the yield and IWUE of apple trees were decreased with increasing L level. Especially,when L was 30 cm( T3),the yield and IWUE were the highest. The same L and H levels( T3,T6,and T7) could promote the growth of apple trees when N was 2( T3). Compared with treatment T3,it was found that the increment of new shoots was decreased by 8.07%-18.71%,and the fruit diameter was decreased by 5.41%-9.11%. Therefore,two emitters should be arranged symmetrically on both sides of an apple tree,each was buried at a 40 cm depth and 30 cm away from the trunk of the tree to effectively improve the yield and IWUE of the apple tree in mountainous areas in Northern Shaanxi.     

Effects of Interaction of Soil Moisture and Organic Matter on Powdery Mildew Disease and Growth of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance

Taking annual Heracl'eum moellendorffii Hance as the material, this research studied the epidemic dynamics of H. moellendorffii Hance powdery mildew and plant growth by using the interactive methods of soil moisture and soil organic matter. The results showed that the interaction of higher soil moisture content (60％-80％) and soil organic matter content (75-100 g · kg-1) had few diseases, dosease index and area under disease progression curve (AUDPC) compared with those of other treatments, thus could effectivley control powdery mildew disease. Moreover, higher soil moisture and organic matter content increased the yield, contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, vitamin C and coumarin in H. moellendorffii Hance.     

Epigenetic changes in the regulation of carotenoid metabolism during honeysuckle flower development

Flower development is one of the most vital pathways in plant development, during which the epigenetic regulation of gene expression is essential. DNA methylation, the most conserved epigenetic modification, participates in gene expression regulation and transposable element silencing. Honeysuckle(Lonicera japonica) is an important medicinal plant renowned for its colorful and fragrant flowers. Honeysuckle flowers change color from white to gold as a result of carotenoid accumulation during deve...     

华南杂交晚籼高产,优质,高效组合选育实践及效果

提出华南杂交晚籼选育的８项意见，即优质性、高产性、抗病性、后期耐寒性、熟期适中性、早制晚用性、恢复系苗期耐寒性以及制种父母本播种差期短等。按此育成了博优２１０等组合，达到了预期的选盲目标。     

Feature extraction and recognition technique for human pulse signals

In Chinese traditional medicine, the pulse signal plays an important role for diagnosis. To investigate the effective technique for identifying heroin druggers through the pulse signal, the feature extraction algorithm based on the biocepstrum and the third-order cepstrum entropy of the pulse signal is studied. On the basis of concise and rigorous discussion for the algorithm, the biocepstrum-based diagonal slice components are estimated for human pulse signals of 20 heroin druggers and 20 healthy normal subjects. The magnitude of the sample value of diagonal slice at m=n=1 and the third-order cepstrum entropy of magnitudes of sample values of the diagonal slice within a particular region are used as two feature parameters for every human pulse signal to form a feature vector. A classifier based on the criterion of squared Mahalanobis distance is successfully designed. Applying the designed classifier to 40 feature vectors, the correct identification rate reaches 87.5%. The research result shows that the method of the feature extraction and classifier design presented in is valuable for identifying the human pulse signals of heroin druggers.     

中国农业科研投资效益及其利益分配

一、背景自80年代中期以来，我国政府对农业科研的投资（扣除物价增长）出现了下降趋势。1996年的政府农业科研投资强度仅为0.20％，远不及发达国家平均数的1／10，且低于30个最低收入国家在80年代政府对农业科研投资强度简单平均数的1／3，既使加上科研单位的创收在内，农业科研的总投入强度（0．38）仅为30个最低收入国家政府农业科研投资强度的一半。这里值得指出的是，我国是一个以占世界7％的耕地养活占世界20％以上人口的大国，农业生产增长主要依靠农业生产力和单位耕地面积产量的提高，这意味着科技进步在农业生产增长中的作用十分…     

珠江斑Huo年龄和生长的研究

本文研究了珠江斑Huo胸鳍和鳃盖骨的年龄特征、渔获物年龄组成和体长、体重组成,并对其体长与鳃盖骨长、体长与体重的关系,以及生长规律进行了分析。鳃盖骨是年龄鉴定的最佳材料,年轮形成时间为12－2月;体长与鳃盖骨长的关系式为L=34.76R 0.4533,体长与体重的关系式为W＝0.032L^3.1872。生长适合于Von Bertalanffy方程,分别为Lt=156.75[1-e^-0.089(t-0.0168)]和Wt=31193.1793[1-e^-0.089(t-0.0168)]^3.1872。文中讨论了年轮形成原因和生长特性,同时对合理利用自然资源和生产养殖提出了某些建议。