用改进的方法提纯禽脑脊髓炎病毒

将AEV VR株种毒经卵黄囊接种6日龄SPF鸡胚复壮,然后取复壮的病毒作为种毒经卵黄囊接种6日龄SPF鸡胚扩大培养病毒,继续孵化至18日龄,收取病变明显的鸡胚脑组织、胰腺和小肠,充分研磨后经差速离心和CsC l密度梯度离心提纯AEV,取经密度梯度离心后的样品进行电镜观察其纯度,并经脑内接种1日龄SPF雏鸡观察其致病情况及其病理变化,结果证明获得了纯化的AEV。     

涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响研究

采用正交试验法,研究涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响,试验因素为面漆涂饰次数、涂料种类和面板砂光目数,试验测试指标为表面滑动摩擦系数。方差分析结果表明,涂料种类与测试指标呈极为显著的影响关系,水性面漆涂饰的试件表面滑动摩擦系数相对较高;其他2个因素与测试指标之间无显著影响关系。砂光目数极可能对表面滑动摩擦系数有一定影响,但这一影响关系被底漆涂饰工艺所覆盖,因此所有试件的表面滑动摩擦系数全部达到了国家标准的要求。     

不同处理对设施根结线虫控制和土壤氮磷环境风险的影响

设施菜田土壤环境状况是蔬菜高效生产重要因素。通过养分调控与土传病害综合控制方法调节设施土壤内部环境条件,研究了闷棚+调控剂+传统施肥、闷棚+调控剂+优化施肥等不同综合处理对设施土壤根结线虫控制、土壤养分运移方面的影响。结果表明:闷棚+调控剂+传统施肥的线虫控制率为79.07%,闷棚+调控剂+优化施肥为86.05%。优化施肥能够减少氮磷养分向土壤中下部运移,从而减少环境风险危害。该研究在根结线虫控制、提高肥料利用和降低施肥环境风险方面具有重要参考价值。     

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.     

施肥对中日水稻品系土壤养分及食味品质的影响

采用田间试验方法,研究不同施肥方法对5种水稻品系土壤养分与稻米食味品质的影响。结果表明:日本优质水稻栽培的施肥方法(日本施肥)比常规施肥产量低,5个品系以ZR13产量最低,ZR63最高。与日本施肥相比,常规施肥显著提高了5个水稻品系土壤NH4+-N含量,降低了土壤速效磷含量;从食味品质指标的变化看,日本施肥比常规施肥蛋白质和淀粉含量低,具有较高的食味值。从不同品系看,ZR63的产量和蛋白质、直链淀粉含量均最高,但食味值最低。日本施肥下,ZR13的食味值比ZR63高17.2%;常规施肥下,ZR51的食味值比ZR63高56.1%。综合产量和食味品质,ZR32、ZR51是比较理想的品系,ZR6、ZR13食味值高,但产量低,ZR63产量高,食味品质差。     

4种不同材料包膜尿素对油菜的生长效应

通过盆栽试验研究了自制的4种不同材料包膜尿素对油菜生长效应及品质效应的影响,重点从土壤脲酶活性、油菜产量、品质及肥料利用率等方面对不同包膜肥料进行了评价。选出了一种控释效果较好的包膜肥FSU-4,其一次施用能满足油菜整个生育时期对养分的需求,使油菜生物产量比施用尿素提高70.8%,Vc含量提高7.8%,叶绿素含量提高46.1%,而硝酸盐含量则下降46.0%。施用包膜肥FSU-4比施用尿素N肥利用率提高36%,可有效减少N的损失。研究表明,在油菜生长前期包膜肥对脲酶有抑制,后期则有促进作用,其机理有待进一步深入研究。     

虫粪有机肥对植烟土壤理化性质及烟草生长的影响

采用烤烟‘中烟100’开展盆栽试验,以传统芝麻饼肥为对照,探究蚯蚓粪肥、蛴螬虫粪肥及黑水虻虫粪肥3种虫粪有机肥对植烟土壤理化性质及烟草生长的影响。结果表明：黑水虻虫粪肥处理的土壤有效磷、速效钾含量及土壤磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性较芝麻饼肥分别提高了65.66%、23.36%、12.20%、24.39%、23.61%;蛴螬虫粪肥处理的土壤有效磷和速效钾含量、脲酶活性与芝麻饼肥无显著差异,而土壤有机质、碱解氮含量及土壤磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性都降低;蚯蚓粪肥处理的土壤各养分指标和酶活性均显著低于芝麻饼肥处理;3种虫粪肥处理的土壤p H值均有所提高,蛴螬虫粪肥和黑水虻虫粪肥处理的土壤EC值升高;黑水虻虫粪肥处理的烟草株高、最大叶面积、根活力、根干重均高于芝麻饼肥,而蚯蚓粪肥和蛴螬虫粪肥处理低于芝麻饼肥;同时,黑水虻虫粪肥和蛴螬虫粪肥提高了烟叶的烟碱含量和糖含量,使烟叶中的钾、氯含量及钾氯比均处于或接近适值范围,品质更好。综上,3种虫粪肥中,黑水虻虫粪肥的肥效最佳,优于传统芝麻饼肥,提高了植烟土壤的养分含量,增强了土壤酶活性,促进了烟草生长和品质的提升。     

新疆春小麦育成品种耐热性评价

为筛选出耐热性好的小麦种质材料,通过开花期至成熟期人工模拟高温胁迫环境,以千粒重热感指数为主要评价指标,评价了新疆近30年来审定的春小麦品种的相对耐热性,并分析了高温胁迫对小麦籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋含量的影响。结果表明,与自然生长相比,高温胁迫条件下新疆春小麦育成品种的千粒重、籽粒宽度的变化均达到了极显著水平（P<0.01）,籽粒长度变化不显著(P>0.05),不同品种间耐热性存在很大差异。综合三年千粒重热感指数（HSI）分析,耐热性相对较好的品种有17个,连续三年HSI＜1的品种有11个,其中新春37号、新春2号、新春38号在高温胁迫条下千粒重变化较小,产量较稳定,为强耐热品种;对高温敏感品种有26个,连续三年HSI≥1的品种有13个,其中新春13号、新春18号、新春33号耐热性相对较弱。高温胁迫影响小麦籽粒的品质,其中13.95%的品种蛋白质含量降低,6.98%的品种湿面筋含量降低,其他品种高温胁迫后籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋含量均较自然生长有所提高。