秋雨春旱防根腐

2003年秋季多雨及2004年春季天气异常,造成陕西关中地区果树不同程度地死亡。据查,死树多与根系腐烂有关。大小漫灌或连阴雨、暴雨,树盘周围1～2m范围内积水,淤泥过厚,根体正常呼吸受到抑制,是造成根腐病的主要原因。试验表明:果树根系浸水6～8h(小时),会因呼吸困难而导致吸收根死亡,烂根率60%～80%,从而影响果树正常生长。浸泡时间越长果树死亡率越高。对这类发生根腐病的果树要及时进行补救。主要做法有:1)挖沟排水。在树冠投影内树盘挖沟以尽快排除积水,沟宽25cm、深30cm,并给每株施氮肥250～500g,可提高土壤透气性,恢复树势。2)剪枝、疏…     

8%辛硫磷微乳剂对蚜虫和斜纹夜蛾的防治效果

采用盆栽法,测定8%辛硫磷微乳剂不同浓度对蚜虫和斜纹夜蛾药后1~3 d虫口减退率和防治效果.结果表明,8%辛硫磷微乳剂375 g ai./hm2处理对蚜虫防效显著优于对照药剂40%辛硫磷乳油375 g ai./hm2处理,93.75~187.5 g ai./hm2处理与对照药剂40%辛硫磷乳油375 g ai./hm2处理无显著差异;8%辛硫磷微乳剂400 g ai./hm2处理对斜纹夜蛾防效与对照药剂40%辛硫磷乳油400 g ai./hm2处理相当.8%辛硫磷微乳剂对蚜虫和斜纹夜蛾具有良好的防治效果,可用于防治十字花科蔬菜蚜虫和斜纹夜蛾.     

PTD-Cry3Aa原核融合表达产物对甘薯小象甲的活性研究

为探讨TAT PTD对苏云金杆菌鞘翅目特效基因CryAa是否具有协同作用,本试验在实现了融合基因TAT PTD-Cry3Aa大肠杆菌原核表达的基础上,以甘薯小象甲为生测对象测定了原核表达产物PTD-Cry3Aa与Cry3Aa的毒力。结果表明,用大肠杆菌表达的Cry3A和PTD-Cry3Aa包涵体初提物均对甘薯小象甲成虫和幼虫有杀虫活性,且表现出一定毒力增效作用,对成虫的增效倍数为2.01倍,对幼虫的增效作用更加明显,达到3.19倍。这一研究结果对于甘薯小象甲的生物防治研究以及转基因抗虫甘薯的研究具有重要的指导作用。     

稻田轮作对水稻病、虫、草害的影响

目前南方大部分稻田采用连作耕作制度,并且滥用农药现象严重,这对农田生态环境造成极其不利的影响。为探讨稻田轮作对减轻稻田病、虫、草害的生态作用,本试验以长期水稻连作为对照,根据14年田间定位试验,详细研究了稻田轮作对水稻病、虫、草害的影响。结果表明,稻田轮作在一定程度上能减轻稻田水稻的病虫草害。稻田轮作处理的早稻纹枯病发病率平均比连作处理低10%,病情指数低0.4%;晚稻纹枯病的病株率平均比连作处理低17.7%,病情指数低13.3%。轮作处理的早晚稻稻曲病的病株率和病情指数也都低于连作处理。轮作处理所受虫害比连作处理要轻,轮作稻纵卷叶螟造成的白叶率和二化螟造成的白叶率明显低于连作。轮作处理的杂草生长情况比连作处理弱。     

馨香玉兰所在群落主要树种的种间联结性

采用2×2列联表,通过X2检验和ω检验,并结合共同出现百分率(PC值)和联结系数(AC值),分析了馨香玉兰所在群落20个主要树种的种间联结性.结果表明,20个主要树种在总体水平上表现为显著的正联结.190对种对中,只有少数种对存在显著的相关性,大多数种对联结关系未达到显著水平,种对间相关性较弱.馨香玉兰种群与少数树种的种间联结性较强,与大部分树种间联结性较弱,体现了馨香玉兰较强的生态适应性.     

联合使用脂肪酶和乳酸菌对三黄鸡“过料”现象的现场评价

本研究通过在饲料中添加脂肪酶、在饮水中定期添加包被复合乳酸菌，评价其对黄羽肉鸡“过料”现象的效果。结果表明，定期添加脂肪酶和包被型复合乳酸菌，有利于恢复和维持肠道菌群平衡，改善“过料”现象，可有效提高鸡只平均活重，降低死淘率，提高饲料转化率，减少肠道内容物和粪便中大肠杆菌数量，增加乳酸菌数量，从而增加经济效益。     

武冈市千万元建设万亩双季稻全程机械化示范片

正武冈市充分发挥种粮大户和农机专业合作社的"火车头"作用,2014年吹响了"打造现代农业样板"号角,市委书记市长亲自办点示范,将万亩双季稻全程机械化生产示范片建设纳入十大重点建设项目之一。市本级财政投入千万元,在邓元泰镇渡头桥、华塘、天心、小水等10个村建立4个双季稻全程机械化生产连片示范区。至5月,全市拥有插秧机393台、机械化育秧流水线30台套,建了标准化育秧大棚20万m2,推行集中育秧、机械化育秧,预计3年后全     

涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响研究

采用正交试验法,研究涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响,试验因素为面漆涂饰次数、涂料种类和面板砂光目数,试验测试指标为表面滑动摩擦系数。方差分析结果表明,涂料种类与测试指标呈极为显著的影响关系,水性面漆涂饰的试件表面滑动摩擦系数相对较高;其他2个因素与测试指标之间无显著影响关系。砂光目数极可能对表面滑动摩擦系数有一定影响,但这一影响关系被底漆涂饰工艺所覆盖,因此所有试件的表面滑动摩擦系数全部达到了国家标准的要求。     

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.     

马铃薯新品种—秦芋32号选育

秦芋32号(原代号:康0102-5)是2000年以秦芋30号作母本,89-1优系作父本,有性杂交获得实生种子,经育种圃、鉴定圃选育而成。2011年3月申报国家农作物品种审定委员会待审,2011年10月通过审定。2007～2009年参加国家级马铃薯品种中晚熟西南组繁种及区域试验;2010年国家西南组生产试验平均产量1 443 kg/667 m2,比对照米拉增产12.5%。块茎干物质含量18.5%、淀粉含量11.8%,Vc含量14.2 mg/100 g,还原糖含量0.29%,粗蛋白含量2.1%。抗病性接种鉴定:中抗PVX和PVY,抗晚疫病。