36个小麦审定和区试品种(系)的抗白粉病基因推导

明确我国当前小麦审定和区试品种含有的抗白粉病基因, 可为这些品种在小麦抗病育种中的应用及品种合理布局和轮换提供依据。本研究采用24个不同毒性的小麦白粉菌菌株对36个小麦审定和区试品种(系)进行抗白粉病基因推导, 参试品种(系)与46个已知抗病基因小麦品种(系)抗谱比较的结果表明, 11个小麦审定品种中有5个品种对所有供试白粉菌菌株表现抗性, 结合亲本溯源, 推测其中有3个品种可能携有Pm21基因; 另外6个审定品种中有5个品种可能含有抗病基因Pm2, 且其对应的亲本或亲本组合中含有抗病基因Pm2。25个区试品种(系)中有3个可能含有Pm21, 10个含有Pm2, 1个含有Pm2+6,2个含有Pm4b,1个含有Pm8。另外, 参试的36个品种(系)中还有9个品种(系)和已知基因品种抗谱存在一定差异。总体上, 推导出已知基因的品种以含有Pm2基因的品种最多, Pm21基因的品种次之, 建议在生产上加强对Pm21基因品种(系)特别是已审定的携有Pm21基因品种的推广和应用, 应该注意一些省份在育种和生产上应慎用或少用含Pm2基因的品种(系)。     

绍兴市凡纳滨对虾围垦滩涂养殖池塘的理化环境和浮游植物

2016年和2017年分别调查了位于浙江省绍兴市滨海新区的12口凡纳滨对虾围垦滩涂养殖池塘内的理化环境和浮游植物。结果显示:池塘内盐度变化范围为0~2,溶氧为6.2~13.9 mg/L,pH为7.5~9.8,总氨氮(TAN)为0.00~0.72 mg/L,亚硝酸盐氮(NO_2~--N)为0.00~1.70 mg/L,硝酸盐氮(NO_3~--N)为0.18~4.77 mg/L,总氮为1.74~6.08 mg/L,总磷为0.20~2.72 mg/L,总有机碳为1.88~42.57 mg/L,C/N为10~39。池塘内浮游植物种类隶属6门、24科、42属,其中蓝藻和绿藻为优势种。浮游植物生物量为(0.15~2.30)×107cell/L,叶绿素a(Chl.a)为2.62~37.24μg/L。Chl.a与蓝藻生物量显著正相关。NO_2~--N和NO3--N均与pH显著负相关。初步分析认为高pH可能是导致2016年池塘养殖凡纳滨对虾死亡率较高的重要原因,因此采取措施控制蓝藻生物量和水体的p H应有助于提高对虾养殖的存活率。     

Root system responses of hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. to Cd

Purpose

Though phytoremediation is an important technology for remedying heavy metal-contaminated soils, hyperaccumulation mechanism, especially in root, is still less known.

Materials and methods

Pot culture experiment was used to explore the tolerance mechanism of a cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. by determining the main root traits compared to the non-hyperaccumulator Solanum melongena L. (cultivar name Liaoqie 3) in the same plant family.

Results and discussion

The total root lengths, total root surface areas, and total root volumes of S. nigrum were not significantly decreased (p?<?0.05) compared to their controls when Cd spikes were lower than 20 mg kg^–1. However, the abovementioned three factors of S. melongena were significantly decreased (p?<?0.05) when 20 mg kg^–1 of Cd was spiked. By contrast, S. nigrum showed stronger tolerance to Cd. In addition, S. nigrum showed all Cd hyperaccumulator characteristics, i.e., a Cd hyperaccumulator. S. melongena was a non-Cd hyperaccumulator.

Conclusions

These results indicated that root trait can be a factor of hyperaccumulation because of strong tolerance to Cd.     

Effect of Environmentally Friendly Amendment on a Newly Found Accumulator Kalimeris integrifolia Turcz. ex DC. Phytoremediating Cd-Contaminated Soil

Pot culture experiments were conducted to study the remediation potentials of a newly found accumulator Kalimeris integrifolia Turcz. ex DC. under different cadmium (Cd) concentrations with same fertilizer level, as well as the same Cd dose under different fertilizer doses. At medium (100 g/kg) chicken manure level, Cd concentrations in roots, stems, leaves, inflorescences, and shoots of K. integrifolia grown in the soils contaminated with 2.5, 5, 10, and 25 mg/kg Cd significantly decreased (p?<?0.05) in average by 23.8%, 29.9%, 24.0%, 30.1%, and 38.6%, respectively, when compared to those of the pots without addition of chicken manure. In contrast, the medium urea amendment level (1 g/kg) showed no effect on the bioaccumulated Cd concentrations of K. integrifolia regardless of the spiked Cd doses. However, Cd extraction capacities (micrograms per pot) of K. integrifolia shoots were significantly increased (p?<?0.05) due to the gain in biomass (more than one- to twofolds) by the soil fertilizing effect of urea and chicken manure. Particularly, Cd extraction capacities (micrograms per pot) of K. integrifolia shoots amended by urea were higher than that of chicken manure. Under the condition of 25 mg/kg Cd addition, shoot biomasses of K. integrifolia were significantly increased (p?<?0.05) with the amendment of chicken manure (50, 100, and 200 g/kg) and urea (0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg). As a result, the Cd extraction capacities (micrograms per pot) were increased in treatments even though soil extractable Cd concentrations were significantly decreased (p?<?0.05) by amendment with chicken manure and maintained by urea addition. For practical application concerns, chicken manure is better used as phytostabilization amendment owing to its reducing role to extractable heavy metal in soil, and urea is better for phytoextraction.     

Hyperaccumulative property of Solanum nigrum L. to Cd explored from cell membrane permeability,subcellular distribution,and chemical form

Purpose

The aim of this article was to explore the hyperaccumulative property from cell membrane permeability, subcellular distribution, and chemical form of Solanum nigrum L. to Cd compared to the nonhyperaccumulator Solanum melongena L. (cultivar name Liaoqie 3) in the same plant family.

Materials and methods

Soil pot culture experiment was conducted, and the cell membrane permeability, subcellular distribution, and chemical forms of Cd in S. nigrum and S. melongena were determined.

Results and discussion

The results showed that the tolerance of S. nigrum to Cd was higher and owned all Cd hyperaccumulator characteristics. The relative electric conductivities in root and leaf were higher of S. nigrum than S. melongena, but the malondialdehyde concentrations in former were roughly lower than that in latter. Cd concentration ratio in cell wall, NaCl extractable form, and HAc (acetic acid) extractive form were higher in root, stem, and leaf of S. nigrum.

Conclusions

Compared to S. melongena, stronger Cd tolerance, higher cell membrane permeability with intact cell membrane, weak Cd forms in subcellular distribution, and relative lower bioactivity speciation may be part reasons of S. nigrum hyperaccumulating Cd.     

干旱胁迫对胡杨叶片色素及光谱特征影响的研究进展

胡杨作为塔里木河流域的建群种与生态恢复的指示器,是遏制土地荒漠化和保护群落稳定结构的天然屏障.仅依靠人工调查对荒漠河岸林进行监测已不能满足当下维系塔里木流域生态环境,高光谱遥感成为当下胡杨种群监测识别的重要手段.就沙漠干旱地区胡杨叶片色素高光谱遥感监测的主要研究成果做出了概括,并经过对有关论文内容的总结与数据的梳理,明...     

海水网箱养殖花鲈和日本黄姑鱼肠道细菌的多样性

利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析了网箱养殖花鲈（）肠道细菌组成,同时分析了配合饲料和网箱中海水的细菌组成,以确定鱼类肠道细菌与环境之间的关系。花鲈投喂冰鲜鱼,日本黄姑鱼投喂配合饲料。从花鲈和日本黄姑鱼前肠、中肠、后肠、配合饲料和网箱内海水中共鉴定出886个细菌OTU（operational taxonomic unit）,分别隶属8个门、40个属,其中从花鲈和日本黄姑鱼肠道中鉴定出的550个细菌OTUs分别隶属5个门、15个属。在门的水平上,厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）在两种鱼类肠道中均占优势;在属的水平上,梭菌属（）在日本黄姑鱼肠道中占优势。花鲈与日本黄姑鱼之间肠道细菌的相似性高于日本黄姑鱼肠道细菌与配合饲料中细菌的相似性,也高于花鲈或日本黄姑鱼肠道细菌与其养殖网箱内海水中细菌的相似性。日本黄姑鱼肠道与配合饲料中共有的细菌OTU数多于日本黄姑鱼肠道与网箱内海水中共有的细菌OTU数。综上所述得出结论：（1）花鲈和日本黄姑鱼肠道细菌群落分别独立于其养殖网箱内海水细菌群落,日本黄姑鱼肠道细菌群落独立于其配合饲料中的细菌群落;（2）日本黄姑鱼肠道细菌受配合饲料中细菌的影响大于受网箱内海水中细菌的影响。     

基于积温理论的温室温度混杂系统预测控制

温室温度系统作为典型的混杂系统,其输入包括离散的设备控制量以及可测不可控的多个室外环境扰动量。本文针对温室温度混杂系统,建立切换系统模型,基于此模型设计多输入预测控制。首先分别在4种离散状态(保温模式、自然通风模式、强制通风模式、湿帘-风机模式)下确定模型的主相关输入,采用带遗忘因子的递推最小二乘法建立子模型。然后设计预测控制器,利用双周期积温法规划预测控制设定值。求解多输入预测控制量问题为NP-hard问题,采用最优化剪枝法优化搜索。最后在实验温室应用控制算法进行实验,实验结果表明,多输入预测控制算法可以有效调控温室内温度,并且由于积温理论动态规划预测控制设定值,可减少设备的切换次数,降低能耗。     

Bacterial diversity in gut of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea and black sea bream Sparus macrocephalus reared in an inshore net pen

Fisheries Science - Bacterial diversity in the foregut, midgut and hindgut of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea and black sea bream Sparus macrocephalus reared in an inshore net pen,...