Chemical Characteristics of Different Tissues of Spectacled Caiman (Caiman crocodilus)

Proximate compositions of dorsal, ventral, leg, and tail cuts of farmed spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) were determined. The water, protein, fat, and ash contents of muscle were 77–78%, 19–23%, 0.3–1.2%, and 1.0%, respectively. The dominant nucleotide-related compound in the tissues was inosine monophosphate (IMP) (68.6–84.9%). The predominant free amino acids (FAAs) in the muscle of spectacled caiman were taurine (Tau), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala), and histidine (His), along with a dipeptide of anserine (Ans) (80–183 mg/100 g) and carnosine (Car) (35–103 mg/100 g) being detected in each sample. The major fatty acid composition included palmitic (16:0), oleic (18:1 cis-9), linoleic (18:2n-6), and stearic (C18:0) acids. The amount of docosahexaenoic acid (4.27–8.76%) was higher than that of eicosapentaenoic acid (0.99–2.24%). The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid in spectacled caiman (0.83–1.19) was higher than that in other commonly consumed meat. Meat from the spectacled caiman can be characterized as a valuable food for human consumption in terms of these nutritional features.     

Comparative Variations of Extractive Nitrogenous Components and Quality in Fresh Muscle and Dried Product of Rabbitfish (Siganus fuscescens) in Taiwan

ABSTRACT

Variations in the level of quality and extractive nitrogenous components were investigated in the fresh muscle and commercial dried products of rabbitfish Siganus fuscescens collected from Penghu, Taiwan. The respective freshness quality for fresh muscle is as follows: trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), 29.50 mg N/100 g; trimethylamine (TMA), 2.30 mg N/100 g; NH₃, 6.61 mg/100 g; total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), 13.32 mg/100 g; aerobic plate count, 1.53 log CFU/g; and K-value, 28.80%. The respective freshness quality for dried products is as follows: TMAO, 43.44 mg N/100 g; TMA, 25.56 mg N/100 g wet wt.; NH₃, 52.00 mg/100 g wet wt.; TVBN, 149.98 mg/100 g; aerobic plate count, 4.16 log CFU/g; and K-value, 89.73%. The major fatty acids in the fresh muscle and dried products are C16:0, C18:1 n-9, C18:0, C16:1 C22:6 n-3, and C22:5 n-3. The major nucleotide compound is inosine 5?-monophosphate (IMP) in the fresh muscle (68%) and hypoxanthine (Hx) in the dried products (79%). The level of total free amino acids in the dried products shows significant variation depending on the processing method of the plants.     

壳聚糖处理对‘早红考密斯’梨虎皮病抑制和贮藏品质的影响

【目的】探索西洋梨贮藏过程中虎皮病的控制方法及发病规律。【方法】以‘早红考密斯’梨为试材,研究水溶性和酸溶性壳聚糖处理对‘早红考密斯’梨低温（0±0.5）℃贮藏期间虎皮病的抑制效果以及品质的影响。【结果】虎皮病的发生会导致‘早红考密斯’梨果皮细胞质壁分离、死亡,形成褐色或黑色病斑。在贮藏第120天时,1.0% 酸溶性壳聚糖和1.0% 水溶性壳聚糖处理的果实虎皮病发生率分别比对照低63.89%和44.44%。酸溶性和水溶性壳聚糖处理均降低了梨果皮中α-法尼烯的生成及氧化产物共轭三烯的积累,降低了膜脂过氧化作用。同时,还降低了梨果实呼吸强度水平,促进了还原糖的积累,抑制了贮藏前期可滴定酸的下降。【结论】采后壳聚糖处理能够有效地抑制贮藏期间‘早红考密斯’梨虎皮病的发生,并且酸溶性壳聚糖处理抑制虎皮病效果优于水溶性壳聚糖。壳聚糖处理可以作为一种有效而方便的方法用于生产上‘早红考密斯’梨虎皮病的防治。     

Anti-miR33 therapy improved hepatopancreatic lipid and immune metabolism disorders in grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry - Lipid metabolism disorders are found ubiquitously in farmed fish and occur as a result of excessive fat accumulation. Previous studies have found that miR-33 is...     

水体生态系统的生物修复研究

生物修复是借助于生物系统降解环境中污染物的有效方法,具有成本低、效率高和有效持续时间长等优点。阐述了水体生物修复进展,重点论述了对水体中烃类污染、水体脱氮以及酶工程和新型反应器在生物修复中的应用。     

Changes in Biochemical Compositions and Quality of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) During Storage

ABSTRACT

To understand biochemical characteristics, storage stability, and freshness indicators of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), changes in extractable nitrogenous compounds, microbial count, and sensory rating of white shrimp during storage at 25 and 4°C were investigated. Free amino acids showed a slow increase during storage at 25°C, but no obvious change was found at 4°C. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) were found at initial stage and decreased rapidly after storage. Both inosine 5′-monophosphate (IMP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) increased and then decreased during storage. Inosine, hypoxanthine, and the K-value gradually increased with time. The levels of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), NH₃, and trimethylamine (TMA) of white shrimp increased with storage time at 25 and 4°C. The TVB-N, NH₃, TMA, inosine, hypoxanthine, and K-value could be considered as freshness indicators of white shrimp during storage. However, the total plate count did not corroborate the acceptability recommended limits for white shrimp during storage. The sensory evaluation, associated with TVB-N, TMA, and K-value, showed the quality was unacceptable after 6 h storage at 25°C and 7 days at 4°C.