UV-B辐射胁迫对水稻叶绿素荧光动力学的影响

研究结果表明，增强的紫外线－B（UV－B，280－320nm）辐射会导致水稻植株矮化4.71%-16.59%、叶面积变小、干物质生产量减少11.79%-60.57%。究其原因主要是叶片光合作用色素叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量的降低和叶绿素a荧光动力学参数的改变，光合系统Ⅱ受到破坏，光合作用能力下降、生长发育受阻。     

花后不同强度遮光对糯小麦和非糯小麦淀粉组分和理化特性的影响

花后弱光影响小麦淀粉分子积累和结构形成,进而使面粉的加工品质和食用品质变劣。本研究以非糯小麦轮选987和糯小麦农大糯50206为材料,设置3个花后遮光处理(不遮光、遮光30%和遮光60%),研究了花后不同强度遮光对小麦籽粒中淀粉组分及其理化特性的影响。结果表明,花后弱光胁迫使小麦籽粒中总淀粉含量减少,A-型淀粉粒比例增加,淀粉相对结晶度增大。花后光照强度降低,轮选987淀粉的峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度、稀澥值和反弹值增大,而农大糯50206淀粉的上述参数则呈减小趋势。轮选987淀粉的起始温度、峰值温度和终止温度随弱光胁迫的增强而降低,而糊化焓呈增加趋势;相反,农大糯50206淀粉的上述热力学特征参数呈降低趋势。相关性分析表明,直链淀粉含量、直/支比、A-型淀粉粒体积比例与相对结晶度、峰值黏度、谷值黏度、稀澥值、糊化时间和糊化焓呈显著负相关,与最终黏度和反弹值存在极显著正相关。可见,小麦花后光照强度降低影响籽粒淀粉组分和粒度分布,从而改变了淀粉的晶体、糊化和热力学特性。     

Ochracenoids A and B,Guaiazulene-Based Analogues from Gorgonian Anthogorgia ochracea Collected from the South China Sea

Two new guaiazulene-based analogues, ochracenoids A (1) and B (2), along with four known analogues (3–6), were isolated from the gorgonian Anthogorgia ochracea collected from the South China Sea. The planar structures of the new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined as 3R by the comparison of TDDFT calculated electronic circular dichroism with its experimental spectrum. Compound 1 is a rare guaiazulene-based analogue possessing a unique C₁₆ skeleton. The possible generation process of 1 through an intermolecular one-carbon-transfer reaction was also discussed. Compound 2 was previously described as a presumed intermediate involved in the biogenesis of anthogorgienes A and I. Compound 3 exhibited antiproliferative effects on the embryo development of zebrafish Danio rerio.     

Antiproliferative and chemopreventive effects of adlay seed on lung cancer in vitro and in vivo

This study examined the effects of different extracts of adlay seed on the growth of human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The data showed that a methanolic extract, but not a water extract, of adlay seed exerted an antiproliferative effect on A549 lung cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. It was also found that tumor growth in vivo was inhibited by the methanolic extract in a dose-dependent manner. The chemopreventive effect of adlay seed on the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice was also investigated. Groups of mice were pre-fed with different diets, followed by feeding with NNK-containing drinking water for 8 months. The results indicated that feeding with diet containing 30% of powdered adlay seed reduced the number of surface lung tumors by approximately 50%. Taken together, these results indicate that the components of adlay seed exert an anticancer effect in vitro and in vivo and may be useful for the prevention of lung tumorigenesis.     

黄土高原沟壑区土壤侵蚀评价指标体系——以中国王东沟流域为例

The Wangdonggou Watershed on the Loess Plateau in China was selected as the study area to develop a model for soil erosion assessments. Using the data collected at 20 sampling sites all tentatively selected indicators were assessed against their corresponding erosion intensity through a correlation analysis. Eight highly correlated indicators were then chosen for the soil erosion assessment. In addition, threshold limits to delineate the class size for these indicators and weights to rank them were determined. Next, a grading model incorporating the selected indicators class rating and their associated weights was developed and verified by an on site evaluation of the soil erosion intensity in the study area. Results of the verification showed that the overall accuracy of the indicator system for assessing soil erosion in the Loess Plateau gully regions could reach 85%.     

Structural transformation of oyster,hard clam,and sea urchin shells after calcination and their antibacterial activity against foodborne microorganisms

Fisheries Science - The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of oyster, hard clam, and sea urchin shell powders as a result of calcination. After subjection to calcination...     

Protective rigid fiber-reinforced polyurethane foam composite boards: Sound absorption,drop-weight impact and mechanical properties

Polyurethane foam has been develocped for years. In the past, the most study is focused on one function of Polyurethane foam including noise absorption, thermal protection, and mechanical impact as well as cushioning properties, and thus interdisciplinary functions of these foam boards become an innovation research. Therefore, the objective of study is to develop the multifunctional protective composite boards which are suitable for diversified environments. In this study, the carbon fibers (CF) and glass fibers (GF) are used as reinforcements for PU composite boards which are denoted as CFR-PU and GFR-PU respectively. The composite boards are made with different thickness and different contents of reinforcing fibers. The drop-weight impact test adopts a circular drop weight that falls from a certain height in order to observe the deformation mechanism of the boards. Different fracture modes that are caused by the bursting, compression, drop-weight impact, and puncture resistance tests are then examined. The test results indicate that the CFR-PU and GFR-PU fiberreinforced composite boards have a satisfactory impact load of 90 % and a favorable absorption coefficient at a certain frequency, and also have improved mechanical properties.     

茶树中性/碱性转化酶基因CsINV10的克隆与表达分析

基于课题组前期对茶树冷驯化系统的转录组测序分析结果,从中挑选出6条与中性/碱性转化酶基因高度相似的EST序列,电子拼接和RT-PCR验证后获得一条全长为2101 bp的核酸序列。该基因包含1923 bp的ORF,编码640个氨基酸,蛋白分子量为71. 8 kD,理论等电点（pI）为5.69。根据BlastX同源性比对显示该基因与荔枝LcNI相似性最高（80%）,为G100家族成员,属于中性/碱性转化酶基因,将其命名为CsINV10（GenBank登录号为KT359348）。对CsINV10氨基酸序列的系统进化树分析显示,其与木薯MeNINV8亲缘关系最近。进一步分析显示,CsINV10的氨基酸序列无N端信号肽,无跨膜结构域,属于亲水性蛋白,并定位在叶绿体上。荧光定量PCR分析表明,CsINV10具有组织表达特异性,在茶树叶和花中的表达量最高,根系中最低。分析发现,低温（4℃）、干旱和盐胁迫分别处理茶树1 d后,成熟叶片中CsINV10的表达呈逐渐上升趋势;而在ABA条件处理下,该基因呈先升高后降低趋势,在处理5 d后基本不表达,表明该基因可能参与茶树对多种逆境胁迫的响应,这为后续进一步研究转化酶基因在茶树抗寒等逆境胁迫中的作用奠定基础。     

Effect of the conversion of grassland to spring wheat field on the CO2 emission characteristics in Inner Mongolia, China

Chinese grasslands have undergone great changes in land use in recent decades. Approximately 18.2% of the present arable land in China originated from the cultivation of grassland, but its impact on the carbon cycle has not been fully understood. This study was conducted in situ for 3 years to assess the comprehensive effects of cultivation of temperate steppe on soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil respiration rates as well as ecosystem respiration. As compared with those in the Stipa baicalensis steppe, the SOC concentrations at depths of 0–10 and 10–20 cm in the spring wheat field were found to have decreased by 38.3 and 17.4% respectively from 29.5 and 21.9 g kg⁻¹ to 18.2 and 18.1 g kg⁻¹ after a cultivation period of 30 years. Accordingly, the total amounts of soil respiration through the growing season (from April to September) in 2002, 2003 and 2004 were 265.2, 282.2 and 237.4 g C m⁻² respectively in the spring wheat field, which were slightly lower than the values of 342.2, 412.0 and 312.1 g C m⁻² in the S. baicalensis steppe, while ecosystem respiration of 690.9, 991.2 and 569.6 g C m⁻² respectively in the spring wheat field were markedly higher than those of 447.0, 470.9 and 429.7 g C m⁻² in the steppe plot. Similar seasonal variations of ecosystem respiration and soil respiration existed in both sample sites. Respiration rates were higher and greater differences existed in both ecosystem respiration and soil respiration during the exuberant growth stage of plants (from mid-June to mid-August). However, in the slower-growth period of the growing season (before late May and after late August), the CO₂ effluxes of the two sample sites were similar and remained at a relatively low level. The results also showed that ecosystem respiration and soil respiration were under similar environmental controls in both sample sites. Soil water content at a depth of 0–10 cm and soil temperatures at 5 and 10 cm were the main factors affecting the variations in ecosystem respiration and soil respiration rates in droughty years of 2002 and 2004 and in the rainy 2003, respectively. This study suggests that the conversion of the grassland to the spring wheat field has increased the carbon loss of the whole ecosystem due to the change of vegetation cover type and significantly reduced the carbon storage of surface soil. In addition, the tillage of grassland had different effects on ecosystem respiration and soil respiration. The effects were also dissimilar in different growth stages, which should be fully considered when assessing and predicting the effects of cultivation on the net CO₂ balance of grassland ecosystems.     

烟草六个重要性状的QTL定位

以烤烟台烟7号与白肋烟白肋21作为杂交亲本,后代自交衍生的127个F₂和F_2:3家系为材料,构建了全长3 483 cM包括26个连锁群、190个标记位点的烟草遗传连锁图谱。通过一年两地各3次重复的随机区组田间试验,测定烟叶烟碱、总氯、总钾、叶长、茎叶夹角、白粉病6个重要性状,采用混合线性模型的复合区间作图法定位QTL并分析其遗传互作效应。结果检测到2个烟碱相关QTL、2个总氯相关QTL、1个总钾相关QTL、4个叶长相关QTL、茎叶夹角和白粉病相关QTL各1个,其中6个加性效应QTL和4对加加上位性效应QTL。这11个基因位点遗传效应中除加性效应外,上位性效应也具有重要作用。