Isolation and characteristics of eight novel polymorphic microsatellite loci from the genome of garlic (Allium sativum L.)

Here we characterized eight novel polymorphic SSR markers, developed from an enriched genomic library of garlic (Allium sativum L.). These SSRs produced a total of 64 alleles across 90 garlic accessions, with an average of 8 alleles per locus. Values for observed (H_O) and expected (H_E) heterozygosity ranged from 0.16 to 0.77 (mean = 0.44) and from 0.22 to 0.86 (mean = 0.65), respectively. Six loci deviated significantly (P < 0.05) from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The averages of gene diversity and PIC values were 0.65 and 0.62, respectively. The mean genetic similarity coefficient was 0.4380, indicating that among garlic accessions existed wide genetic variation. Based on 64 alleles obtained by 8 SSRs, a phenogram was constructed to understand the relationships among the 90 accessions. These newly developed SSRs should prove very useful tools for genotypes identification, assessment of genetic diversity and population structure in garlic.     

Exploring diversity among rice germplasms based on their physiological traits responses to salinity

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that severely effects rice production throughout the world. Previously, there have not been many studies which focused on studying diversity among rice germplasm based on specific physiological traits for salt tolerance. Our diversity study was based on physiological traits such as Na+ concentration, K⁺ concentration, K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, osmotic potential, and biomass which are major components determining salt tolerance. This study has systematically analyzed phenotypic data of 191 germplasms in two different salt concentrations apart from the control. The current study identified salt tolerant germplasms based on their response to a single physiological trait as well as a combination of different physiological traits. Some of the germplasm identified outperformed known salt tolerant cultivar Pokkali. This study identifies correlation among various physiological traits. The salt tolerant germplasms can be taken forward into developing better varieties by conventional breeding and exploring genes for salt tolerance.     

褐变抑制剂对黄芩愈伤组织褐变及次生代谢产物的影响

研究了不同褐变抑制剂对黄芩愈伤组织继代培养中褐变、生长以及黄芩愈伤组织次生代谢产物黄芩苷、黄芩素含量的影响。结果表明：在MS＋0．5mg／L2,4-D＋1．0mg／L6-BA继代培养基中分别添加1．0g/L植酸、10mg／L抗坏血酸、2．0g/L聚乙烯吡咯烷酮能有效抑制黄芩愈伤组织褐变,促进其生长。在综合考虑愈伤组织的褐变率、生长增殖倍数（干重）基础上,以黄芩苷产量为指标,添加10mg／L抗坏血酸＋1．0g/L植酸组合效果最好;以黄芩素产量为指标,添加1．0g/L植酸效果最好。     

多胺在果蔬冷藏中生理效应和作用机制

本文在总结前人研究的基础上，对多胺的代谢特点和冷藏中的生理效应进行了分析，提出多胺抑制冷害发生可能的作用机制，为多胺在果蔬贮藏中的应用和研究提供理论探讨。     

花岗岩风化产物中高岭石和埃洛石的粒径分布及其对土壤发生的意义

The kaolins collected from a profile of weathered granite at Yichun County, Jiangxi Province have been subjected to particle size fractionation by the conventional sedimentation method and examined by XRD, SEM and TEM. All of them exhibit a mixture phase of poorly crystallized kaolinites and halloysites (0.7 nm) occurring as the main clay minerals. Electron micrographs reveal that plate kaolinites are the principal constitution in the coarse fraction, and more tubular and curled halloysite (0.7 nm) in the fine fraction. Both of them show normal probability curves in particle size distributions. The ratios of kaolinite and halloysite (0.7 nm) in different size fractions are examined by X-ray diffraction with a series of X-ray patterns characterized by three main peaks at d(001), d(002) and d(020),varying in intensity. Therefore, an index Q_hm expressed as (I_d(001) + I_d(002))/(2×I_d(002)), is designed to indicate relative ratios of the two clay minerals in a number of mixture phases. Because kaolinite and halloysite (0.7 nm) commonly occurred, respectively, in low and medium leaching microenvironment, the index Q_hm, can be used to indicate weathering and pedogenic conditions of a weathering crust.     

深圳梧桐山风景区主要植物群落结构特征分析

在全面路线、典型植物群落调查的基础上分析梧桐山山地常绿阔叶林9个主要植物群落的结构特征,结果表明：梧桐山植被保护完好,群落平均高度集中在7～13m,郁闭度为0．80～0．95;结构分化明显,优势种突出,乔木层以黧蒴、短序润楠、浙江润楠、红楠、枫香、鸭脚木、亮叶冬青为主,下木层主要有华鼠刺、银柴、降真香、毛棉杜鹃和九节等．乔灌层植物丰富,但草本层植物种类少,覆盖率低;群落外貌春季变化明显,夏秋冬常绿,景观价值高．     

家蚕有色茧主要色素物质在幼虫体内的代谢变化

为探讨有色茧色素物质在蚕体内的代谢机制,检测了有色茧主要色素物质的含量及其在家蚕5龄幼虫不同时期中肠、血液、丝腺组织中的消长变化,分析色素物质从中肠进入血液再转运到丝腺的时序差异。有色茧中,黄茧的色素以类胡萝卜素化合物为主,绿茧的色素以黄酮类化合物为主。黄酮类化合物、类胡萝卜素化合物在家蚕5龄幼虫中肠、血液、中部丝腺、后部丝腺中的含量均呈现龄初低、龄末高的趋势,其中,黄酮类化合物在熟蚕组织中的含量是中肠>血液>中部丝腺>后部丝腺;类胡萝卜素化合物在熟蚕组织中的含量是中部丝腺>后部丝腺>中肠>血液。2种色素物质含量变幅最大的是后部丝腺组织,结黄茧蚕和结绿茧蚕的黄酮类化合物分别增加406.55%、202.50%,类胡萝卜素化合物分别增加211.80%、250.84%。黄酮类化合物在5龄幼虫丝腺组织的绝对含量是结绿茧蚕大于结黄茧蚕,类胡萝卜素化合物在5龄幼虫丝腺组织的绝对含量是结黄茧蚕显著大于结绿茧蚕,与在不同颜色蚕茧中检测到的2种色素物质含量一致。研究结果提示:黄酮类化合物在5龄幼虫中肠组织中积累较多,类胡萝卜素化合物在丝腺组织中积累较多;丝腺组织中2种色素物质的含量与茧色密切相关;来自桑叶中的2种色素物质经中肠消化吸收后,再通过血液进入丝腺组织并产生累积效应。     

Genotypic Variation in Fatty Acids in Whole Grain Sesame (Fatty Acids in Whole Grain Sesame)

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Fatty acids (FAs) are important desirable compounds in oil crops. Here, we evaluated the amounts of 14 FAs in sesame grains using gas chromatography mass...