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Kazuki NAKASHIMA Itoko NONAKA Shigehiko MASAKI Makoto YAMAZAKI Hiroyuki ABE 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(4):353-360
The effect of heat stress on protein oxidation and myofibrillar proteolysis in chick myotubes was investigated. Myotubes were incubated at 37 or 41°C for 6 and 24 h. Protein carbonyl content, as an index of protein oxidation, increased more at 41°C than at 37°C for 6 and 24 h incubations. Nτ‐methylhistidine release as an index of myofibrillar proteolysis also increased more at 41°C than at 37°C for 6 and 24 h incubations. Proteasome activity also increased more under those same conditions. Calpain and cathepsin D but not B + L activities showed a greater increase at 41°C than at 37°C for 24 but not the 6 h incubation. These results indicate that heat stress increases protein oxidation and proteasome activity, resulting in an increase in myofibrillar proteolysis for short‐term incubation and, for long‐term incubation, it increases calpain, proteasome and cathepsin D activities, finally accelerating myofibrillar proteolysis in chick myotubes. 相似文献
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1. The effects of the beta-adrenergic agonist, clenbuterol (1 mg/kg diet) on the growth and muscle composition in female broiler chickens (14 to 32 d of age) fed on diets containing various concentrations of protein (220, 240 or 260 g protein/kg) were examined. 2. Body weight gain over the 18 d period increased linearly with increasing protein intake. The rate of gain was significantly higher in clenbuterol-treated chickens than in control birds. 3. Dietary clenbuterol increased thigh muscle weight and protein concentration of breast and thigh muscle, regardless of dietary protein content. Protein/DNA ratio in thigh muscle was enhanced by clenbuterol feeding, and the magnitude of difference of the ratio was higher in chickens fed on the 240 and 260 g CP/kg diets than in those fed the 220 g CP/kg diet. 4. It was concluded that clenbuterol-treated chickens require increased dietary protein to maintain maximal growth, and that increased protein consumption is an important factor in improving growth in clenbuterolfed broilers. 相似文献
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Taiki KIDA Arisa YAMAZAKI Koji KOBAYASHI Tatsuro NAKAMURA Takayuki NAKAGAWA Ryohei NISHIMURA Takahisa MURATA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(5):644
Polyunsaturated fatty acids, including arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are converted to hundreds of lipid mediators by cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP), or through non-enzymatic processes, and they reflect inflammatory states of the body. We comprehensively analyzed lipid metabolites in dog urine using a liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to describe their metabolic characteristics. We detected 31 AA-derived metabolites, four EPA-derived metabolites, and a DHA-derived metabolite in all urine samples. Among AA-derived metabolites, 15, 5, 3, and 8 were generated by COX, LOX, CYP, and non-enzymatic oxidation respectively. This study will be the first step to use profiles of urinary lipid metabolites for better understanding and diagnosis of canine diseases. 相似文献
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Kaoru YAMAZAKI Takehito SUZUKI Mitsuyuki SHIRAI Tatsuya TAKIZAWA Tadashi SHINODA Toshio MASAOKA Fumiaki AKAHORI Hidetoshi MORITA 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(3):391-400
The effect of the endocrine-disrupting chemical 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphyenl (PCB 126) on intestinal microbiota after oral administration, and the improvement of intestinal microbiota and feces quantity by the subsequent administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus or Lactobacillus reuteri was investigated. All the rats were given 100 μg/kg bodyweight of PCB 126. The changes in bacterial counts were confirmed using a culture method. The administration of PCB 126 tended to decrease the bacterial counts of lactobacilli (109.6 −1010.2 to 108.8 −109.2 ) and bifidobacteria (105.3 −106.1 to 103.6 −104.2 ), and to increase those of Enterobacteriaceae (108.2 −109.1 to 109.4 −1010.3 ) and staphylococci (106.6 −107.4 to 107.2 −108.4 ) compared to no PCB 126 administration. After administration of PCB 126, L. acidophilus or L. reuteri orally administered to rats caused Enterobacteriaceae and staphylococci counts to decrease, suggesting that the intestinal microbiota was improved by the lactobacilli. The administration of L. acidophilus and L. reuteri improved the balance of intestinal microbiota, and defecation volume returned to its normal level. L. acidophilus and L. reuteri have a remedial effect on intestinal microbiota affected by PCB 126 and can function to lessen accumulated PCB 126 volume. 相似文献
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Yasuhiro UNO Hiroshi YAMAZAKI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(1):147-148
In cynomolgus macaques, which are widely used in drug metabolism studies, CYP2C19
(formerly known as CYP2C75) is abundantly expressed in liver, metabolizes human CYP2C
substrates and is thus an important drug-metabolizing enzyme. One of the cynomolgus
CYP2C19 alleles (p.Phe100Asn, p.Ala103Val and p.Ile112Leu) results in
substantially reduced metabolic activity and thus is an important allele in drug
metabolism studies. For this allele, a genotyping tool was developed using allele-specific
TaqMan probe. Genotyping 40 Cambodian cynomolgus macaques using this tool found 1
homozygote, 17 heterozygotes and 22 wild type animals, and the result was confirmed by
direct-sequencing. Interestingly, this allele frequency was similar to that of Chinese
cynomolgus macaques. The genotyping tool established is useful for drug metabolism studies
using cynomolgus macaques. 相似文献
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Akihiro MATSUURA Mami IRIMAJIRI Kunihiro MATSUZAKI Yuko HIRAGURI Toshihiko NAKANOWATARI Atusi YAMAZAKI Koichi HODATE 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(1):75-81
The aim of this study was to establish a method for estimating loading capacity for Japanese native horses by gait analysis using an accelerometer. Six mares of Japanese native horses were used. The acceleration of each horse was recorded during walking and trotting along a straight course at a sampling frequency of 200 Hz. Each horse performed 12 tests: one test with a loaded weight of 80 kg (First 80 kg) followed by 10 tests with random loaded weights between 85 kg and 130 kg and a final test with a loaded weight of 80 kg again. The time series of acceleration was subjected to fast Fourier transformation, and the autocorrelation coefficient was calculated. The first two peaks of the autocorrelation were defined as symmetry and regularity of the gait. At trot, symmetries in the 100, 110, and 125 kg tests were significantly lower than that in First 80 kg (P < 0.05, by analysis of covariance and Sidak's test). These results imply that the maximum permissible load weight is less than 100 kg, which is 29% of the body weight of Japanese native horses. Our method is a widely applicable and welfare‐friendly method for estimating maximum permissible load weights of horses. 相似文献
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Akihiro MATSUURA Masaya TANAKA Mami IRIMAJIRI Atusi YAMAZAKI Toshihiko NAKANOWATARI Koichi HODATE 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(5):618-621
Horse trekking (HT) is having a stroll on a horse along a walking trail in a forest, field, and/or sandy beach. Generally in HT, horses exercise in tandem line outside the riding facilities. Because the leading horse will be confronted with stressors in the forefront, we hypothesized that the leading horse shows higher stress responses than the following one. In order to verify the hypothesis, we compared short‐term stress responses between each position in six horses. Exercise consisted of 15 min of ground riding and 45 min of HT with walking and trotting. Heart rate variability was analyzed for 5 min at 30, 60, and 90 min after the exercising period. There was no significant difference in heart rate during exercise between leading and following positions. The high frequency / low frequency power band of heart rate variability, an index of sympathetic nervous activity, after exercise, tended to be higher in the leading position than following one (P < 0.1). The result in this study can suggest that the leading horse was in a higher stressed state than the following horse after HT. 相似文献
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Hitomi KIMURA Takako YAMAZAKI Taiki MIHARA Noriyuki KAJI Kazuhisa KISHI Masatoshi HORI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(4):610
Postoperative ileus (POI) is a postsurgical gastrointestinal motility dysfunction caused by mechanical stress to the intestine during abdominal surgery. POI leads to nausea and vomiting reduced patient quality of life, as well as high medical costs and extended hospitalization. Intestinal inflammation caused by macrophages and neutrophils is thought to be important in the mechanism of POI. Surgery-associated tissue injury and inflammation induce the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from injured cells. Released ATP binds the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) expressed on inflammatory cells, inducing the secretion of inflammatory mediators. P2X7R antagonists are thought to be important mediators of the first step in the inflammation process, and studies in chemically induced colitis models confirmed that P2X7R antagonists exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we hypothesized that P2X7R plays an important role in POI. POI models were generated from C57BL/6J mice. Mice were treated with P2X7R antagonist A438079 (34 mg/kg) 30 min before and 2 hr after intestinal manipulation (IM). Inflammatory cell infiltration and gastrointestinal transit were measured. A438079 ameliorated macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in the POI model. Impaired intestinal transit improved following A438079 treatment. P2X7R was expressed on both infiltrating and resident macrophages in the inflamed ileal muscle layer. The P2X7R antagonist A438079 exhibits anti-inflammatory effects via P2X7R expressed on macrophages and therefore could be a target in the treatment of POI. 相似文献
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Taiki KIDA Arisa YAMAZAKI Tatsuro NAKAMURA Koji KOBAYASHI Sho YOSHIMOTO Shingo MAEDA Takayuki NAKAGAWA Ryohei NISHIMURA Takahisa MURATA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(11):1480
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are metabolized to various lipid mediators. The profile of these lipid metabolites excreted into the urine reflects inflammatory state of the body and disease conditions. In this study, we quantified 156 types of lipids in urine samples of dogs with splenic mass, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We found that metabolites of prostaglandin (PG) E2, F2α, and D2, 8-iso-PGF3α, lyso-platelet activating factor, and 14,15-leukotrien C4 significantly increased in urine samples of dogs with splenic mass compared to that of healthy dogs. These observations may reflect general inflammatory responses and will help better understanding of the canine splenic mass. 相似文献