木棉雄蕊特征与其繁殖策略的关系分析

采用野外观察和实验室检测方法,对云南省个旧市冷墩村的木棉花部结构、雄蕊特征、花粉活性进行研究。结果表明,自然种群中花部形态特征具有一定变异性,3层雄蕊变异系数大小关系显著。在湿度为60%、温度为35℃时花粉活性最强。研究发现,木棉雄蕊长短变化可能有利于不同传粉生物传粉效率提高和增强适应性;木棉高层雄蕊花药个体大、花粉数量多、活性高,适应干热河谷传粉繁殖条件;温度较低时,底层花药花粉活力相对较高,可为逆境环境下木棉高层花药受损后提供后备花粉源。文章就木棉花部形态与繁殖关系、木棉形态及花粉活力对繁殖的影响进行讨论。     

Effect of water deficit in different growth stages on stem sap flux of greenhouse grown pear-jujube tree

The effects of water deficit in different fruit growth stages on the variation of stem sap flux of 6-year old greenhouse-grown pear-jujube trees were investigated. Treatments included sufficient water supply during the whole fruit-growing period (T₁), mild water deficit during the flowering–fruit setting stage (T₂), moderate water deficit during the fruit rapid growth stage (T₃) and severe water deficit during the fruit maturing stage (T₄). Results showed that significant compensation effect on stem sap flux after re-watering was observed in T₂, but not in T₃ and T₄ stages. At the end of rapid growth stage, the diurnal variation of stomatal conductance generally had a similar trend as that of stem sap flux, but with a distinct midday depression from 12:00 to 14:00 p.m. In addition, a linear relationship between the relative available soil water content (RAWC) and the ratio of daily stem sap flux to that of sufficient water treatment was observed (R² = 0.4489).     

微喷带单孔水量分布影响因素试验研究

为了探究微喷带管径、喷孔结构、工作压力以及喷射角度对单孔水量分布影响,以常用的机械打孔的Ф28,Ф32,Ф40和Ф50这4种微喷带为研究对象,通过调节微喷带的喷射角度和工作压力,研究微喷带正常运行时单孔喷水(其他孔进行遮挡,不混入测试单孔的水流中)特性,测定了不同工作压力条件下射程、湿润面积、干燥区宽度等参数.结果表明:喷水射程随喷射角度先增大再减小,射程最大值为30°~ 40°,随工作压力的增大而增大;湿润区宽度与喷射角度、工作压力均存在正相关的关系;射程与干燥区宽度随喷射角度的变化规律相同;湿润区面积的最大值出现在喷射角度为50°时.在实际运行中,建议微喷带喷射角度为30°~50°,并应根据干燥区与射程合理布置相邻微喷带的铺设间距.     

潮流与布放时间对青岛石雀滩海域海洋牧场刺网CPUE的影响

准确的单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)是评价海洋牧场建设效果的基础,网具布放时间与潮流是影响海洋牧场等近岸渔业资源CPUE的偏差源.本研究通过对比青岛石雀滩海域国家级海洋牧场2种大潮期布放(布放时间分别为24 h与48 h)与大潮刚结束后布放(布放时间为24 h)的刺网CPUE,探讨潮流与网具布放时间对海洋牧场渔业资源...     

鲢顶流游泳速度与摆尾行为相关性分析

鱼类的顶流游泳行为是过鱼设施水力学设计的关键问题之一,获取鱼类在顶流游泳过程中的运动学参数将有助于研究目标鱼类的生理特性、游泳能力及其与水力环境因子的响应关系。本研究以鲢为对象,通过行为学分析软件对鲢在顶流游泳状态下顶流静止和顶流前进的行为中,水流速度U、摆尾频率f、相对摆尾振幅A、绝对游泳速度V和游泳加速度a之间进行了相关性分析。结果显示,鲢在顶流静止状态下,摆尾频率f与水流速度U呈现正相关性;相对摆尾振幅A为(0.0876±0.0098)BL,但与摆尾频率f之间没有明显的相关性;鲢在顶流前进状态下,不同水流速度U中摆尾频率f都要大于顶流静止状态下的摆尾频率,相对摆尾振幅A反而相差不大;摆尾频率f与绝对游泳速度V之间有显著的正相关性,但摆尾频率f与相对摆尾振幅A之间却没有明显的相关性;鲢在顶流前进的过程中,游泳加速度a会随着时间的变化而变化,大多数的游泳加速度为0.02 ga≤0.06 g(55.84%)。本研究主要在水槽中进行,流场环境比较单一,自然的流场环境相对复杂,复杂流场条件下鱼类行为与流场中水力因子之间的关系还需进一步研究。     

人工饲养倒刺鲃幼鱼的野化训练

为了探讨追赶训练对鱼类野化能力的影响,以倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus denticulatus)幼鱼为试验对象,采用鳜鱼塑料模型进行每天2次、每次5 min的追赶训练,研究了追赶训练7和15 d对倒刺鲃躲避模拟捕食者的逃逸时间、临界游泳速度(Ucrit)、摄食比率、特定生长率等指标的影响。结果显示,追赶训练7和15 d后倒刺鲃躲避模拟捕食者的逃逸时间显著低于对照组(P<0.05),摄食比率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。追赶训练7 d后的Ucrit与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),但追赶训练15 d后的Ucrit显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而追赶训练15 d后的特定生长率相较对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,采用该方法训练15 d后能提高倒刺鲃幼鱼的反捕食能力和游泳能力等与野外生存相关的行为能力,同时并不降低幼鱼的生长。追赶训练15 d的野化效果优于7 d。     

逆流运动及葵花籽油替代鱼油对吉富罗非鱼生长和体成分的影响

选取初始体质量（73．81±9．02）g的雄性吉富罗非鱼（GIFFOreochromisniloticus）,分别投喂含100％鱼油（A）、50％葵花籽油＋50％鱼油（B）和100％葵花籽油（C）的饲料,每种饲料设置2个流速运动水平（0BL·s-1、1．5BL·s-1）（BL,体长）,共6个试验组合（0A、1．5A、0B、1．5B、0C、1．5C）,饲养42d后测定试验鱼生长和体成分变化。结果显示各组合吉富罗非鱼的成活率没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）。1．5B组合的特定生长率（4．96±0．02）％·d-1显著高于其他各组合（P〈0．05）。逆流运动后红肌和白肌蛋白质含量分别最高增加10．25％和7．74％（P〈0．05）。逆流运动对全鱼和肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量没有显著影响（P〉0．05）,但饲料B组和c组鱼体红肌PUFA含量显著高于A组（P〈0．05）,而B组和c组之间则没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。研究结果表明,葵花籽油替代鱼油对吉富罗非鱼的生长和体成分没有显著影响,而逆流运动能够显著提高肌肉蛋白质含量。     

Relationship between stable carbon isotope discrimination and water use efficiency under regulated deficit irrigation of pear-jujube tree

To investigate the relationship between stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) of different organs and water use efficiency (WUE) under different water deficit levels, severe, moderate and low water deficit levels were treated at bud burst to leafing, flowering to fruit set, fruit growth and fruit maturation stages of field grown pear-jujube tree, and leaf stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ_L) at different growth stages and fruit stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ_F) at fruit maturation stage were measured. The results indicated that water deficit had significant effect on Δ_L at different growth stages and Δ_F at fruit maturation stage. As compared with full irrigation, the average Δ_L at different growth stages and Δ_F at fruit maturation stage were decreased by 1.23% and 2.67% for different water deficit levels, respectively. Δ_L and Δ_F among different water deficit treatments had significant difference at the same growth stage (P < 0.05). Under different water deficit conditions, significant relationships between the Δ_L and WUE_i (photosynthesis rate/transpiration rate, P_n/T_r), WUE_n (photosynthesis rate/stomatal conductance of CO_2, P_n/g_s), WUE_y (yield/crop water consumption, Y/ET_c) and yield, or between the Δ_F and WUE_y and yield were found, respectively. There were significantly negative correlations of Δ_L with WUE_i, WUE_n, WUE_y and yield (P < 0.01) at the fruit maturation stage, or Δ_L with WUE_i and WUE_n (P < 0.01) over whole growth stage, respectively. Δ_F was negatively correlated with WUE_y, WUE_n and yield (P < 0.05), but positively correlated with ET_c (P < 0.01) over the whole growth stage. Thus Δ_L or Δ_F can compare WUE_n and WUE_y, so the stable carbon isotope discrimination method can be applied to evaluate the water use efficiency of pear-jujube tree under the regulated deficit irrigation.     

辣椒DNA甲基化修饰酶基因的鉴定与表达特征分析

DNA甲基化与去甲基化是表观遗传修饰中一种保守的分子机制,参与植物生长发育、次生代谢和逆境胁迫响应等多种生物过程,受DNA甲基化修饰酶基因的调控.为了解DNA甲基化修饰酶基因在辣椒基因组中的特征,利用生物信息学手段鉴定出14个辣椒DNA甲基转移酶和去甲基化酶基因,并对其进行系统分析.结果表明:辣椒基因组中含10个DNA...     

后脱贫时代国内外农业科技发展经验及其对我国的启示

农业科技扶贫在部分地区被认为是农户摆脱贫困、实现区域经济发展的重要途径.针对精准扶贫战略实施过程中出现的农业科技扶贫制度不完善、农户知晓度及参与率低等突出问题.在借鉴国内外农业科技发展成功经验的基础上,提出相应的优化建议:完善相关制度设计,激发科技人员参与的积极性,鼓励各地区因地制宜实施差异化组织管理模式,加大农业科技...