Effect of Discontinuous Administration of β -glucan and Glycyrrhizin on the Growth and Immunity of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei

A six-week growth trial was conducted to compare the effects of different feeding strate- gies of dietary immunostimulants on the growth and immunity of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei （4.70 ±0.20g）. Shrimps were fed with diet containing glycyrrhizin continuously, containing β -glucan continuously, discontinuously （seven days with diet containing β -gluseven days with diet without -glucan; two days with diet containing β-glucan following five days with diet without -glucan）,     

梯级水电站补偿效益分摊方法研究

为了真实地体现梯级水电站的补偿效益，从分析影响梯级水电站补偿效益分摊的主要因素入手，提出了几种单因子分摊方法、综合分析法以及模糊综合评判法，建立了分摊数学模型，以汉江支流岚河梯级补偿效益分摊为例，将不同方法计算结果进行对比，提出了不同条件下梯级水电站补偿效益的合理分摊方法。     

农牧交错带地表覆盖物对土壤入渗的影响

为了解我国北方农牧交错区不同地表覆盖物对土壤入渗的影响,以宁夏回族自治区盐池县为例,采用样线调查法进行地被状况调查,并在所设样线各样方内对应进行入渗试验。通过对外业数据的处理、分析,对各种地被状况影响入渗的情况进行了探讨。结果表明,植物的生长对水分入渗具有促进作用。植被盖度与入渗深度之间呈指数相关关系,相关系数达0.893。枯落物的覆盖对水分的入渗具有明显的阻碍作用,两者呈对数相关关系,相关系数高达0.921。生物结皮对入渗具有明显的阻碍作用,结皮盖度与入渗深度之间呈线性负相关,相关系数为-0.765,说明结皮的存在使土壤水分呈现浅层化趋势。     

Characterization and pathogenicity of six Cytospora strains causing stem canker of wild apple in the Tianshan Forest,China

Cytospora species are capable of causing destructive cankers of stems belonging to a wide range of woody plant species. In severe cases, cankers may lead to dieback of twigs and branches. Little is known about the Cytospora species causing canker disease of wild apple (Malus sieversii) trees in the Wild Fruit Forest Reserve in Tianshan Forest, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. In this study, six Cytospora isolates belonging to two species were isolated from cankerous lesions of wild apple twigs. Based on multi‐locus phylogenetic analysis using three DNA markers (ITS, tef1‐α and tub2) and morphological characterization, these isolates were identified as Cytospora mali and Cytospora parasitica. Temperature trials (15, 20, 25 and 30°C) showed that the optimal growth temperature for six isolates was 25°C. At a variety of temperatures, C. mali isolates tended to grow faster than isolates of C. parasitica, with the C. mali isolate, EGI1 performing better than others with regard to growth rate. Morphological observations showed that these species exhibited a single locule without conceptacles, and the conidia length was 3–5 μm. In vitro inoculation trials of twigs and leaves of M. sieversii seedlings revealed that the C. mali isolates were highly virulent phytopathogenic fungi, whereas the C. parasitica isolates were less virulent. The isolate EGI1 was the most virulent isolate among the six isolates. This paper presents the first report of pathogenic Cytospora spp. of the M. sieversii Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Reserve of Yili, Xinjiang in China. It will aid in the understanding of how apple tree cankers are induced and provide disease management guidelines for M. sieversii forest conservation.     

杜氏盐藻基因DsSP的克隆、分析和原核表达(英文)

[目的]克隆盐藻淀粉磷酸化酶基因,并初步分析其基本性质和表达蛋白。[方法]采用RT-PCR和RACE的方法克隆基因;生物信息学系统分析其性质;构建原核表达载PGS21a-DsSP转化于E.coli BL21表达蛋白,采用GST-SefinoseTMKit和Western Blot分别纯化、检测该融合蛋白。[结果]成功克隆出1种淀粉磷酸化酶(GenBank accession No.KF061044)命名为DsSP;分析得到了其基本性质并预测了该蛋白的亚细胞定位、二级结构和三级结构;该融合蛋白在上清和包涵体中均存在,且对上清蛋白成功纯化;Western Blot检测表明其在E.coli.BL21中成功表达。[结论]为进一步阐明DsSP的功能及作用机制奠定了理论基础。     

海洋酸化对海水青鳉性别分化的影响

以海水青鳉作为研究对象,研究海洋酸化对其性别分化的影响。将刚受精的受精卵置于对照组(CO_2浓度为480×10~(-6))和2个处理组(CO_2浓度分别为1 000×10~(-6)和2 000×10~(-6))的水体中,直到孵化出膜。将出膜后仔鱼饲养在对照组水体中至性成熟,然后通过形态学、组织学和遗传学方法,对每一尾实验鱼进行表现型和基因型的性别鉴定。经形态学判断,发现酸化处理组的雄雌比例显著高于对照组(P0.01)。经形态学观察其第二性征和遗传学性别判断,对照组的青鳉从孵化到性成熟的个体中并未出现基因型和表现型性别不一致的个体,而在2个酸化处理组中,均有基因型为XX而表现型为雄性的个体,即性逆转雄性,性逆转率分别为38.4%和47.5%。     

T-RFLP分析技术在肉鸡肠道微生物研究中的应用

本文阐述了末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)分析技术的基本原理和技术路线,讨论了应用T-RFLP分析技术相对于应用传统方法研究肉鸡肠道微生物的优势,总结了应用T-RFLP分析技术研究肉鸡肠道微生物的发展历程,分析了应用T-RFLP分析技术研究肉鸡肠道微生物存在的问题及解决方法,并对其应用前景进行了展望.     

Ultrafiltration and Ionic Exchange Purification of ACE Inhibitory Peptides from Hydrolysate of Porphyra yezoensis Protein

对条斑紫菜ACEI抑制肽进行了超滤分离和离子交换纯化的试验研究.先后采用截留分子量分别为10 kDa和3 kDa的超滤膜对条斑紫菜ACEI抑制肽超滤,分子量小于3 kDa的组分对ACE活性抑制最高,多肽的IC50值从超滤前的0.844 mg/mL下降到0.523 mg/mL.南开D61阳离子树脂对分子量小于3 kDa的ACEI抑制肽组分吸附率最大,用不同浓度氨水阶梯洗脱,得到第2个洗脱峰的蛋白回收率和活性回收率最高,分别为45.2％和61.5％,其IC50值最低,为0.127 mg/mL,比纯化前下降了75.7％.     

蔬菜中13种有机磷农药基质效应研究

有机磷农药在农业生产中广泛应用,用气相色谱法进行农药残留检测容易产生基质效应,影响分析结果的可靠性,为研究用气相色谱法进行农残检测过程中有机磷农药在不同蔬菜中的基质效应,选取瓜类、茄果类、叶菜类3类常见蔬菜和13种有机磷农药进行研究,对影响基质效应的因素采取不同变量法进行分析,得出结论:有机磷农药在叶菜类蔬菜中基质效应最大;含有P=O键农药基质效应更强;基质含量越多基质效应越强,并对在检测如何减少基质效应给出了建议.     

生长调节物质对小豆豆芽营养成分影响和功能性评价

为筛选最适合芽菜培养的小豆品种,以‘白红8号’为试材,设置3种生长调节物质(乙酰水杨酸、乙烯利和6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-BA))的各6个浓度(0.0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5 mmol/L;0、20、30、40、50、60 mg/L和0、2、3、4、5、6 mg/L)喷施处理,测定其生物特性(上胚轴长度、上胚轴直径、萌发率、鲜重、干重和产出比)、营养成分(可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖)及抗氧化等特性。结果表明:3种生长调节物质喷施处理都能够提升其营养价值,在乙烯利喷施浓度为50 mg/L,‘白红8号’小豆芽苗菜中各营养成分、酶活性及抗氧化性等均可达到最大值,显著提高了其营养价值。因此,为提高生产中小豆芽苗菜的产量和营养价值,最终确定乙烯利喷施浓度为50 mg/L效果最佳。