This study examined the effects of dietary vitamin C and ammonia concentration on the cellular defense response of Macrobrachium nipponese . The response of the cellular defense was determined by monitoring changes in reactive oxygen intermediates in hemocytes, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione reductase and glutathione transferase activity in muscle. The results showed that prawns fed the basal diet had a significant increase in reactive oxygen intermediates in response to exposure to ammonia-N. When dietary vitamin C was added to the feed, there was a significant decrease in reactive oxygen intermediates in response to exposure to ammonia-N. Total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity of prawns fed the basal diet decreased as ammonia-N increased. This decrease in activity was significantly less pronounced in prawns that were fed the dietary vitamin C supplement. In prawns that were fed the dietary vitamin C supplement there was no significant variation in catalase reductase or gluxathione reductase activity in response to variations in ammonia-N concentration. The glutathione transference activity increased at a low concentration of ammonia-N in prawns that were fed the dietary vitamin C supplement, but there was no significant variation in the prawns fed the basal diet. Overall the results indicate that dietary vitamin C supplements enhance the capacity of M. nipponese to respond to elevations in ammonia-N. This response involved several biochemical reactions known to be involved in cellular defense. 相似文献
The 96-h LC50 of ammonia-N and the effects of dietary vitamin C on oxygen consumption, ammonia-N excretion and Na+/K+ ATPase activity of Macrobrachium nipponense exposed to ambient ammonia were investigated. The results showed that the 96-h LC50 of ammonia-N was 36.6 mg l−1 for the freshwater prawn, M. nipponense, at pH 8.0. When prawns were exposed to high ambient ammonia-N concentrations, the oxygen consumption rate increased and ammonia excretion decreased. Dietary vitamin C supplementation led to higher oxygen consumption and lower ammonia excretion. Na+/K+ ATPase activity increased with increased ambient ammonia-N exposure in the range of 0–18.3 mg l−1, and then was reduced at ambient ammonia-N 36.6 mg l−1. Na+/K+ ATPase activities of prawns fed a vitamin C-supplemented diet were significantly lower than those of prawns fed a diet which was not supplemented with vitamin C. 相似文献
High-fat diets may have favorable effects on growth and cost, but high-fat diets often induce excessive fat deposition, resulting in liver damage. This study aimed to identify the hepatoprotective of a Chinese herb (berberine) for blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Fish were fed with a normal diet (LFD, 5 % fat), high-fat diet (HFD, 15 % fat) or berberine-supplemented diets (BSD, 15 % fat with berberine 50 or 100 mg/kg level) for 8 weeks. After the feeding, histology, oxidative status and mitochondrial function of liver were assessed. The results showed that HFD caused fat accumulation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in hepatocytes of fish. Hepatocytes in HFD group appeared to be hypertrophied, with larger liver cells diameter than these of LFD group. Berberine-supplemented diets could attenuate oxidative stress and hepatocytes apoptosis. HFD induced the decreasing mitochondrial complexes activities and bulk density and surface area density. Berberine improved function of mitochondrial respiratory chain via increasing the complex activities. Moreover, the histological results showed that berberine has the potential to repair mitochondrial ultrastructural damage and elevate the density in cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that berberine has attenuated liver damage induced by the high fat mainly via the protection for mitochondria. 相似文献
MNX1 antisense RNA 1 (MNX1-AS1) is a newly discovered long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), which is highly dysregulated in various carcinomas and its expression level is closely related to the overall survival and prognosis of patients. MNX1-AS1 regulates the occurrence and development of carcinomas by endogenous competitive adsorption of miRNA, regulating cell cycle, inducing epithelial mesenchymal transformation and activating multiple signaling pathways. The in-depth study of the carcinogenesis of MNX1-AS1 is useful for the early diagnosis, targeted therapy and prognostic assessment of relevant carcinomas. This article reviews the roles of MNX1-AS1 in malignant tumor. 相似文献
Maintaining the balance of intestinal microbiota is vital for the growth and health of crustaceans. The current study explored the influences of the surface layer proteins (SLPs) of Pediococcus pentosaceus on the growth performance, disease resistance, and gut microbial community of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. After 28 days of feeding, obvious enhancements in the growth performance were found in the PF (a commercial basic diet + intact P. pentosaceus) group compared to the CF (a commercial basic diet, control) and RF (a commercial basic diet + LiCl-treated P. pentosaceus) groups. Meanwhile, the relative percent survival (RPS) of the PF group was found to be 82.1%, higher than the RF group (RPS = 63.2%) in the challenge test. There were noteworthy differences in the relative richness of Aeromonas among different treatments, and the PF group was the lowest. Whereas the relative abundance of Lactococcus between the CF and RF group did not markedly differences, which was obviously lower than the PF group. The prediction of bacterial phenotype indicated that the pathogenic potential of intestinal microbiota was decreased by increasing dietary SLPs-carrying P. pentosaceus. The results suggested that SLPs-carrying P. pentosaceus can improve growth, modulate intestinal microbiota, and increase the resistance of prawns against Aeromonas hydrophila infection.
Tributyltin (TBT) and cadmium (Cd) are two common pollutants in aquatic environments. This study was designed to examine the physiological responses of juvenile Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella to TBT, Cd, and their combination. Fish were apportioned into a control group, a TBT group (7.5 μg/L), a Cd group (2.97 mg/L), and a TBT–Cd group (7.5 μg/L TBT, 2.97 mg/L Cd2+) for 7 d. The following activities were measured: Na+,K+-ATPase in gill tissues; nitric oxide synthase (NOS), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and monoamine oxidase (MAO) in brain tissues; and lipid peroxidation (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), and glutathione (GSH) in liver tissues. Cadmium-induced stress was suggested by alterations in antioxidant responses (MDA, LPO, and T-AOC) and neurological parameters (AChE, MAO, and NOS). Cadmium also induced Na+,K+-ATPase and GSH activity. Compared with the responses among the Cd group, the combination of TBT and Cd not only decreased the level of GSH and Na+,K+-ATPase but also increased the levels of MDA, LPO, AChE, MAO, and NOS. These results suggest that a combination of TBT and Cd could reduce the adverse effects of Cd on Grass Carp. However, the exact mechanisms for the combined effects TBT and Cd on these biomarkers require further investigation.
Received September 28, 2015; accepted April 17, 2016 Published online August 2, 2016 相似文献