Water re-use system for smolt production

A recirculation unit for salmon smolt production is described. The preliminary results for growth rate and viability of the fry were satisfactory.     

Islands in the forest: effects of patch size and isolation on farmland bird species richness and community composition of farmland patches in forest landscapes

Landscape Ecology - Theory predicts that species diversity of isolated habitat patches depends on patch size and isolation. However, there are few previous studies of how patch size and isolation...     

Management of transboundary and straddling fish stocks in the Northeast Atlantic in view of climate‐induced shifts in spatial distribution

The introduction of 200 n.m. exclusive economic zones (EEZs) in the late 1970s required increased collaboration among neighbouring coastal states to manage transboundary and straddling fish stocks. The established agreements ranged from bilateral to multilateral, including high‐seas components, as appropriate. However, the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea does not specify how quotas of stocks crossing EEZs should be allocated, nor was it written for topical scenarios, such as climate change with poleward distribution shifts that differ across species. The productive Northeast Atlantic is a hot spot for such shifts, implying that scientific knowledge about zonal distribution is crucial in quota negotiations. This diverges from earlier, although still valid, agreements that were predominately based on political decisions or historical distribution of catches. The bilateral allocations for Barents Sea and North Sea cod remain robust after 40 years, but the management situation for widely distributed stocks, as Northeast Atlantic mackerel and Norwegian spring‐spawning herring, appears challenging, with no recent overall agreements. Contrarily, quotas of Northern hake are, so far, unilaterally set by the EU despite the stock's expansion beyond EU waters into the northern North Sea. Negotiations following the introduction of EEZs were undertaken at the end of the last cooler Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) period, that is, with stock distributions generally in a southerly mode. Hence, today's lack of management consensus for several widely distributed fish stocks typically relates to more northerly distributions attributed to the global anthropogenic signal accelerating the spatial effect of the current warmer AMO.     

Flavanol and bound phenolic acid contents in different barley varieties

Different barley varieties, consisting of hulled and hull-less types, of normal, waxy, and high amylose starch, as well as two-rowed and six-rowed types, were analyzed for their main proanthocyanidins and bound phenolic acids. Variations in proanthocyanidin and phenolic acid contents were studied in different barley types as well as inter-relationships between the phytochemicals and polysaccharides. The main flavanols found in the analyzed barley varieties were two dimeric as well as four trimeric forms in addition to catechin. The total amount of flavanols ranged from 325 to 527 microg/g of fresh weight of barley flour. No evident associations were found between variations in proanthocyanidin levels and different barley types. The total amount of phenolic acids ranged from 604 to 1346 microg/g of fresh weight of barley flour, with ferulic acid as the dominating acid. The amount of phenolic acids varied according to occurrence or lack of hull, with significantly higher levels in the hulled varieties.     

Serological Investigations of Leptospiral Deoxyribonucleases

Enzymoserological comparison of a selection of leptospira strains tested with sera from rabbits immunized with unpurified DNase of Leptospira interrogans, serotype canicola, indicates the production of DNase of serologically very similar properties by the serotypes canicola, autumnalis, icterohemorrhagiae and pomona. The DNase produced by serotype hyos was serologically different from the others, while the serotypes grippotyphosa and bataviae did not produce DNases at all. The method used made it possible to differentiate between leptospiral DNase and normally occurring DNases in the serum samples. Neither leptospira DNase nor specific leptospira-DNase-antibodies could be detected in dog sera with high agglutinationlysis titres after natural infection.     

Weak activity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase toward Bisphenol analogs in mouse perinatal development

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used industrial chemical that disrupts endocrine function. BPA is an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) that has been demonstrated to affect reproductive organ development, brain development, metabolic disease and post-natal behavior. Accordingly, Bisphenol analogs, Bisphenol F (BPF, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane) and Bisphenol AF (BPAF, 4,4-hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphenol) are used as replacements for BPA. BPA is mainly metabolized by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), UGT2B1, but this effective metabolizing system is weak in the fetus. In the present study, we demonstrated that hepatic UGT activity toward BPAF was very weak, in comparison with BPA and BPF, in the fetus, pups and dams. Conversely, hepatic UGT activity toward BPF was very weak in the fetus and newborn pups, and was increased to the same level as BPA post-partum. In conclusion, BPAF possibly tends to accumulate in the fetus, because of weak metabolism during the perinatal period, suggesting that the metabolism of individual Bisphenol analogs requires assessment to properly gauge their risks.     

鳀鱼的生物量、渔业及其生物学特征

IntroductionThe Yellow Sea is characterized by a shallow continental shelf. High tides and seasonally varying mon-soons,freshwater discharge from surrounding landmasses and large amounts of sediments transported intothe sea as well as the effect of the Kuroshio current have strong effects on the environment in these areas.Productivity of an ecosystem may be measured in terms of abundance of the adult population and recruitmentof new year classes.Japanese anchovy(Engraulis jap onicus) is cons…     

基于时间序列MODIS EVI数据的森林生长异常监测

利用遥感技术,基于时间序列的MODIS数据对2004—2006年东北三省的林区进行森林生长异常监测。首先利用MODIS数据时间分辨率高的特点,采用Savitzky-Golay滤波函数平滑8天合成的EVI,计算生长季面积和年EVI曲线熵值,两指标联合得到3年间变化量大的像素点,定义为森林生长异常点;然后抽取异常点的时间序列曲线进行分析,并结合森林灾害事件进行比较验证。结果表明:异常点曲线的熵值明显大于正常年,生长季峰值低,并且在生长旺季会出现峰值突然持续下降或双峰等异常现象,这与该区域森林生长异常发生时的植被反射率表征一致,说明用该法对森林生长异常进行监测是基本可行的。     

Experimental Encephalitozoonosis in the Blue Fox: Clinical and Serological Examinations of Affected Pups

Two groups of blue fox pups about 1½— 2 and 2½—3 months old, respectively, suffering from experimental encephalitozoonosis, were examined clinically and serologically. Antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniouli were detected in all pups, the titres varying within the range 10–12,800. In addition to unspecific signs of disease the pups showed various neurological disturbances including ataxia, posterior weakness, lameness and circling behaviour, terminaiting in recumbency, paralysis or convulsions. Reduced sight or blindness was observed occasionally. Some of the pups appeared thirsty. Haematological examinations revealed pronounced leukocytosis without any conspicuous shift within the various groups of leukocytes. Biochemical examinations of serum showed significant elevated values of urea nitrogen, creatinine, and magnesium concentrations, reflecting renal dysfunction. Alanine aminotransferase was found significantly depressed in both groups. Raised levels of total protein were demonstrated due to pronounced hyperglobulinaemia. This finding, together with the common occurrence of generalized polyarteritis nodosa and proliferations of plasma cells in clinically affected pups, is probably a result of autoimmune disturbances initiated directly or indirectly by the protozoan infection.