温度和水分对赖草种子萌发的影响

利用聚乙二醇(PEG)试剂室内模拟不同干旱(0、-0.10、-0.20、-0.40、-0.80、-1.60 MPa)和温度(10、15、20、25、30℃)环境条件,对西藏班戈县野生型赖草(Leymus secalinus)种子萌发特性进行研究。结果表明,赖草种子在恒温10~30℃和变温10~30℃均能萌发.恒温25℃处理下,种子萌发达到了最佳响应;恒温15℃和变温20/30℃处理对赖草种子发芽率具有显著影响(P0.05),而恒温10和30℃对赖草种子发芽率具有极显著影响(P0.05);随着PEG渗透势的增加,赖草种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和胚芽长均出现了不同程度的下降现象,而胚根则表现为先升后降的变化现象。25℃和蒸馏水处理下,野生赖草种子萌发效果最佳;而在25℃和-0.10~0 MPa渗透势处理下,赖草种子胚根优于胚芽生长。     

仿生人工木材的研究进展

天然木材是地球上丰富的自然资源,具有优异的力学特性与美学特征,也是一种独特的工程材料;同时,由木材衍生出来的一些多功能复合材料,也被广泛地应用于各个领域。但是,天然木材这种生物质资源也有很多缺陷,其形貌以及性质易受环境等外在因素的影响而发生改变,并且由于生长周期过长,木材的供给量不能满足日益增长的需求量。受天然木材独特的分级多孔结构和化学成分的启发,研究人员通过利用先进的仿生合成技术进行自组装实验设计,研制出具有与天然木材分级多孔结构相似、力学性能更好的仿生人工木材。相比于天然木材,仿生人工木材在力学性能、功能性、智能性、防腐蚀、防火方面上优势明显。笔者从设计原理、制备方法、功能化设计等方面阐述了仿生人工木材的研究进展,为发展具有天然木材独特各向异性结构的高性能仿生工程材料提供参考,同时也分析了仿生人工木材现阶段发展所面临的问题、挑战以及进一步发展方向。     

麦冬须根正丁醇萃取物化学成分的分离与鉴定

为了研究麦冬须根中的化学成分,本研究采用大孔吸附树脂、ODS和Sephadex LH-20多种柱色谱技术对麦冬须根乙醇提取物的正丁醇萃取物进行分离纯化;通过波谱数据与理化性质分析并结合文献进行化合物结构鉴定.从麦冬须根的正丁醇萃取物中分离得到10个化合物,其结构分别鉴定为5-甲氧基-6-甲基-7-羟基-8-醛基-3S-...     

水杨酸和水杨酸甲酯在植物抗虫中的作用及机制研究进展

本文综述了水杨酸(Salicylic acid,SA)、水杨酸甲酯(Methyl salicylate,MeSA)的生物合成途径、激活植物防御基因的表达而产生抗虫毒素或酶类、诱导植物释放互利素引诱天敌的研究进展,展望了SA和MeSA在虫害治理中的研究和应用前景。     

1株黄曲霉颉颃菌的鉴定及其抑菌活性成分分析

【目的】筛选黄曲霉颉颃菌,探究其最佳培养条件及有效抗菌成分,为实际生产中应用生物防治方法抑制黄曲霉污染提供新的理论依据。【方法】通过平板对峙法及分子生物学鉴定方法对待测菌株进行筛选鉴定。以抑菌率作为衡量标准,判断所得黄曲霉颉颃菌的最佳培养温度、培养时间、接种量、转速、pH及装液量。通过硫酸铵沉淀法从颉颃菌无菌发酵上清液中提取蛋白,观测粗提物对黄曲霉菌丝生长的影响。通过离子交换色谱和凝胶过滤色谱进一步纯化粗提蛋白,并进行质谱测序及序列对比分析,筛选鉴定颉颃菌产生的有效抑菌成分。【结果】筛选到1株解淀粉芽孢杆菌B10(菌种保藏号CCTCCNO:M2018353)。最佳培养条件为温度40℃,培养时间36 h,接种量3%,转速120 r/min, pH 6.0,装液量30 mL,最大抑菌率可达46.56%。其粗提蛋白能有效抑制黄曲霉生长,破坏菌丝正常形态,并从中筛选出几丁质结合蛋白、壳聚糖酶、葡聚糖酶等8种可能的有效抑菌成分。【结论】本试验分离鉴定出1株抑制黄曲霉正常生长发育的解淀粉芽孢杆菌B10,其产生的多种蛋白成分对黄曲霉有显著抑菌活性。     

四川省不同地理环境下辣椒果实辣椒碱及VC含量差异

为分析四川不同地理、气候条件下辣椒果实内辣椒碱及VC含量差异,在成都平原和川南攀西高原按照当地种植习惯栽种2个线椒品种和1个牛角椒品种,果实成熟后,测定了果实内辣椒素、二氢辣椒素及VC含量。试验结果表明,攀枝花和西昌地区栽种的辣椒辣度显著低于成都和遂宁产的辣椒,但其VC含量显著高于后者;3个辣椒品种辣椒碱和VC含量受环境因素影响。     

Biological Control of Sclerotinia Diseases of Rapeseed by Aerial Applications of the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans

Indoor and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of applying the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans to the aerial parts of rapeseed plants at the flowering stage to control sclerotinia diseases caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Under controlled conditions, a petal inoculation technique was used to determine the effect of conidial suspensions of C. minitans on suppression of sclerotinia leaf blight. Results showed that C. minitans was effective in inhibiting infection initiated by ascospores of S. sclerotiorum on flower petals by restricting mycelial growth of the pathogen. Suppression of lesion development was related to the conidial concentration of C. minitans, with larger lesions at low concentration (5×10³conidia ml⁻¹), but smaller lesions at high concentration (5×10⁴ conidia ml⁻¹ or higher). When C. minitans-treated rapeseed leaves were inoculated with mycelia of S. sclerotiorum, C. minitans failed to prevent infection of leaves, but caused a significant reduction in number of sclerotia produced on the diseased leaves. No significant difference in efficacy was detected between the two isolates of C. minitans, LRC 2137 and Chy-1, on the two rapeseed cultivars, Westar (spring type) and Zhongyou 821 (winter type). Results of field trials showed a significant reduction of stem rot of rapeseed in four (1997, 1999, 2003 and 2004) out of five years by aerial application of C. minitans, compared with controls. No significant difference in suppressive efficacy was observed between the treatments of C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹), C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹) + benomyl (50 μg ml⁻¹) and benomyl (100 μg ml⁻¹) in 2003, and between the treatments of C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹), C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹) + vinclozolin (100 μg ml⁻¹) and vinclozolin (500 μg ml⁻¹) in 2004. Sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum collected from diseased plants in plots treated with C. minitans in 1999, 2000 and 2003, or with C. minitans + benomyl in 2003 were infected by C. minitans at frequencies ranging from 21.3 to 54.5%. This study concludes that aerial spraying of C. minitans is an effective method for controlling sclerotinia diseases of rapeseed.     

城市公园绿地边缘效应及其影响研究

城市公园绿地与城市其他景观系统的交界处存在着边缘区,边缘区特殊的位置形成了不同于绿地内部的小环境,产生了边缘效应。边缘效应不仅影响公共绿地园林植物群落的稳定性,同时破坏了公共绿地景观的美观,边缘效应对城市公共绿地的作用还没有引起足够重视。通过对成都市东湖公园绿地边缘的植物调查,初步探讨了城市公园绿地的边缘效应及其产生的影响,并对抑制城市公园绿地边缘效应的影响提出了建议。     

关于国家粮食安全的思考与建议

我国的耕地资源虽然紧张但能够保证国民的口粮安全。今后,国民的口粮安全将取决于政府对粮食生产的行政干预能力和政府对粮食供应(销售)的市场调控能力。我国现有涉粮的政府管理资源,存在部门割据的局面不利于上述两个能力的发挥,为此笔者建议成立国家粮食中心,统筹全国的粮食生产、销售和消费。本文还就影响粮食安全的主要因素(种植面积与种植结构、粮肉消费比与种植结构、收购基金、科技教育、农资供应、粮库库容等)提出了建设性意见。     

Comparative analysis of proteomic profiles between endometrial caruncular and intercaruncular areas in ewes during the peri-implantation period

The endometrium of sheep consists of plenty of raised intercaruncular areas （IC）. In order to better understand aglandular areas called caruncular （C）, and intensely glandular the endometrium involved mechanisms of implantation, we used LC-MS/MS technique to profile the proteome of ovine endometrial C areas and IC areas separately during the peri-implantation period, and then compared the proteomic profiles between these two areas. We successfully detected 1740 and 1813 proteins in C areas and IC areas respectively. By comparing the proteome of these two areas, we found 170 differentially expressed proteins （DEPs） （P 〈 0.05）, functional bioinformatics analysis showed these DEPs were mainly involved in growth and remodeling of endometrial tissue, cell adhesion and protein transport, and so on Our study, for the first time, provided a proteomic reference for elucidating the differences between C and IC areas, as an integrated function unit respectively, during the peri-implantation period. The results could help us to better understand the implantation in the ewes. In addition, we established a relatively detailed protein database of ovine endometrium, which provide a unique reference for further studies.