Effects of Bacillus subtilis on the water quality,stress tolerance,digestive enzymes,growth performance,immune gene expression,and disease resistance of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during the early hatchery period

Aquaculture International - In the present study, the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, was supplemented with the probiotic Bacillus subtilis IS02 in order to improve the larval survival rate....     

Beauveria bassiana characterization and efficacy vs. Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera:Scutelleridae)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of Sunn pest entomopathogenic fungi collected from wheat fields and overwintering sites in Syria and characterize them under different temperature regimes. Eleven isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuil. were included in this study: five were isolated from overwintered adults of Sunn Pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton and six from nymphs and new adults in wheat fields. Growth rate and conidial production were tested at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 degrees C. Results showed that highest growth rate of tested fungal isolates was at 25 degrees C, except for the two isolates SPDR-1 and SPDR-2 which exhibited highest growth rate at 20 degrees C. The highest production of conidia of tested fungal isolates was at 20 degrees C, except for isolates SPSR-1, SPSQ and SPSS which exhibited higher production at 25 degrees C. Virulence test of the tested fungal isolates on overwintered adults Sunn Pest showed that percent mortality after 14 days ranged between 86-100%.