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1.
Gustavo Pereira Valani Aline Fachin Martíni Laura Fernanda Simes da Silva Renata Cristina Bovi Miguel Cooper 《Soil Use and Management》2021,37(1):22-36
Integrated crop–livestock–forest is a promising strategy to improve soil quality. It comprises four different integrated farming systems: crop–livestock, crop–forest, forest–livestock and crop–livestock–forest. This work systematically reviewed studies about integrated crop–livestock–forest systems and soil quality. A total of 92 papers were retrieved from the Web of Science—Clarivate Analytics platform, and the following information was analysed: publication year, institution, region of the studied site, type of integrated system, soil type, tillage system, maximum soil depth and the soil quality indicators assessed. Most studies were published in the second half of the 2010s. Brazil is a prominent focus of research about soil quality and integrated crop–livestock–forest systems, with significant contribution from its central and southern regions. The Embrapa was the main publishing institution, present in over one‐third of the studies. Crop–livestock was the most common integrated system, Ferralsols was the most common soil group, and most of the studied soils were clayey. No tillage was the main tillage system. Most studies focused on the topsoil, assessing physical and/or chemical soil quality indicators. More emphasis on biological indicators of soil quality is required, as well as assessments integrating biological, physical and chemical indicators of soil quality. Future works should compare different integrated systems, including assessments deeper in the soil profile, especially in systems with the forest component, and also in sandy and silty soils. Soil quality indicators that have been rarely used should be further tested. Novel indicators should be added to better understand the promotion of soil quality by integrated crop–livestock–forest systems. 相似文献
2.
Julia Belotto Guaraná Alois Foltran Müller Ricardo de Francisco Strefezzi Fabrício Singaretti Oliveira Luciana Cristina Machado Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio Renata Gebara Sampaio Dória Silvio Henrique de Freitas 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2021,50(6):996-1006
The use of live animals for educational purposes is an old practice that is still employed in teaching and research institutions. However, there are several objections to this practice, whether for ethical or humanitarian reasons. Surgical techniques teaching using anatomical pieces and/or preserved cadavers promotes greater learning efficiency, provides exercise repetition and increases the confidence and satisfaction of the students when compared to the use of live animals. The current work aimed to analyse the feasibility of using fresh swine urinary bladder and small intestines (jejunum), obtained from slaughterhouses, fixed in 99.8% ethyl alcohol (EA) and preserved in sodium chloride hypersaturated solution (SCHS) at 30%, for 7, 14 and 21 days, as an alternative method for surgical skills training (SST). Swine viscera, fixed in EA and preserved in SCHS, presented a realistic appearance, absence of odour and maintained the viable morphological characteristics during the performance of the operative techniques. Preservation solutions had low cost, were easy to acquire and did not offers risks to human health. Therefore, urinary bladders and small intestines fixed in 99.8% EA for 30 days and maintained in 30% SCHS at different periods were demonstrated as a good viable option as a preservation method for surgical skills training. 相似文献
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Density and Organic Matter Influence on Egg‐laying and Hatching of Branchiura sowerbyi (Oligochaeta)
Karine Cristiane Rech Renata Maria Guereschi Alex Pires de Oliveira Nuñer Sarah Carvalho Sticca 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(2):267-272
This study aimed to assess the combined effects of density of adults of Branchiura sowerbyi and the source of organic matter on the production of eggs and young species. The experimental units used were 250‐mL beakers with 100 mL of fine sand (0.074–0.210 mm) and 150 mL of chlorine‐free water with constant aeration at the temperature 25 C. The experiment was conducted based on a two‐factor model with six treatments and three repetitions, applied in a completely random design. The densities 5 individuals/38.5cm2 (D5; 1298/m2) and 8 individuals/38.5cm2 (D8; 2078/m2) were assessed with commercial fish feed (FF), commercial poultry feed (PF), and turkey manure (TM) as sources of organic matter. A total of 1223 cocoons and 2138 eggs were produced, with average hatching of 40.0 ± 15.1%. The highest number of cocoons and eggs was found with the use of PF, D8 having produced the highest number of cocoons and eggs. The hatching rate was not influenced by the source of organic matter or density and no influence was registered from the density of adults on the survival. The PF provided the highest growth of adults, and generally the use of TM provided the worst performance. 相似文献
6.
Barbara Szonyi Amy Swinford Alfonso Clavijo Renata Ivanek 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014
In recent years, Texas has seen a dramatic increase in the number of clinical cases of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (pigeon fever) infection in horses. Equine pigeon fever cases at Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (TVMDL) were analyzed with the objectives of investigating the spatiotemporal distribution and seasonal and annual trends of pigeon fever infection in horses in Texas between 2005 and 2011 and identifying high-risk areas and create a risk map for pigeon fever in horses in Texas. The study population consisted of horses culture-positive for C. pseudotuberculosis between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2011 at TVMDL. The Poisson model of scan statistics was fitted to identify disease clusters. Empirical Bayesian smoothing was performed with the crude incidence estimates, followed by the geostatistical method of kriging to delineate high-risk areas. Cases increased 10-fold between 2005 and 2011. The annual cumulative incidence ranged from 9.3 to 99.5 per 100,000 horses at risk. Two seasonal peaks in the number of cases were observed in June and in December. Scan statistics identified a primary cluster in central Texas in 2011 (P < .0001 and relative risk of 9.2). Isopleth risk mapping also delineated a high-risk area in central Texas. High-risk areas were also detected in the panhandle and northern Texas. The epidemiological investigation supported anecdotal reports that pigeon fever is re-emerging in the Texas horse population. This study provides a baseline for future investigations of pigeon fever in the Texas horse population and serves as a reference for the disease distribution for veterinarians and horse owners. 相似文献
7.
Renata Pereira da Silva-Marques Joanis Tilemahos Zervoudakis Nelcino Francisco De Paula Luciana Keiko Hatamoto-Zervoudakis Pedro Ivo José Lopes da Rosa e Silva Núbia Bezerra do Nascimento Matos 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(3):495-501
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate reduced supplementation frequencies for grazing beef cattle in rainy season. In experiment 1, evaluating the nutritional parameters, four rumen-cannulated Nellore bulls (BW = 410 kg) were used. In experiment 2, evaluating animal performance, 48 Nellore bulls (BW = 358 kg) were used. The treatments were as follows: mineral supplement (MS) alone and MS plus protein-energy supplement provided 3×, 5× and 7×/week. Supplementation frequency did not affect (P > 0.05) intake and digestibility. Average daily gain was greater (P < 0.001) to supplementation compared with MS. The supplementation 5×/week resulted in greater weight gain per hectare (9.24) and higher economic returns during the study period (1.64%) compared to other supplementations. Supplementation 5×/week increased animal performance and positively influenced economic returns. 相似文献
8.
Garcia JL Navarro IT Biazzono L Freire RL da Silva Guimarães Junior J Cryssafidis AL Bugni FM da Cunha IA Hamada FN Dias RC 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,145(3-4):197-206
This study evaluated a vaccine made from crude rhoptry proteins of Toxoplasma gondii with Quil-A, which was administered to cats by the intranasal route. Eleven short-hair domestic cats were divided into four groups: G1 (n=3) received three doses (200 microg/dose) of the rhoptry vaccine with Quil-A (20 microg); G2 (n=3) received PBS with Quil-A (20 microg); G3 (n=3) and G4 (n=2) received only PBS. Treatments were administered at days 0, 21, and 42 by the intranasal route. Challenge was done to G1, G2, and G3 animals with 600 cysts of the VEG strain on day 51 (challenge day); G4 animals were unchallenged. The anti-T. gondii IgG and IgA antibody levels from sera were measured by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At challenge, two animals from G1 revealed antibody levels for both IgG and IgA; oocysts were not detected in feces of these two cats. There were no differences in hematological values between groups throughout the experiment (p>0.10). Preventable fractions were 67% in G1 and 0% in G2 and G3. Comparatively, G1 animals shed 89.3% and 90.8% less oocysts than G3 and G4, respectively. Two out of three cats were protected against T. gondii oocyst shedding when the rhoptry vaccine was administered by the intranasal route. This is the first study using crude rhoptry proteins as vaccine by the intranasal route in cats to evaluate protection against oocysts shedding. 相似文献
9.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of epidural administration of hydromorphone on avoidance threshold to noxious electrical stimulation of the perineal, sacral, lumbar, and thoracic regions in horses. ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURE: Horses were assigned to receive hydromorphone (0.04 mg/kg) or a control solution (20 mL of sterile water) administered epidurally into in the first intercoccygeal space. Treatments were administered at time intervals of > or = 7 days. Electrical stimulation was applied for 6 hours after epidural injection over the dermatomes of the perineal, sacral, lumbar, and thoracic regions, and the avoidance threshold voltage was recorded. RESULTS: Administration of sterile water did not change the avoidance threshold. Hydromorphone significantly increased the avoidance threshold by 20 minutes after injection, which lasted until 250 minutes after epidural administration in the perineal, sacral, lumbar, and thoracic regions. Profound analgesia (avoidance threshold > 40 V) was achieved only in the perineal region at 60 minutes after epidural administration of hydromorphone. Analgesia for all dermatomes was considered moderate for 250 minutes after epidural injection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Epidural administration of hydromorphone increases the avoidance threshold to noxious electrical stimulation in the perineal, lumbar, sacral, and thoracic regions in horses for 250 minutes after injection. Hydromorphone epidural administration may prove useful in the management of horses with pain of moderate to mild intensity. 相似文献
10.
Lepková R Sterc J Vecerek V Doubek J Kruzíková K Bedánová I 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,120(11-12):465-469
Dehorning adult cattle is a surgical procedure causing distress of varying intensities that can be reflected in behavioural changes and alterations in plasma cortisol levels. Stress responses during the dehorning process were evaluated in 18 Red Pied cows. The cows were divided into 3 groups of six and kept in tie-stall housing. Those in the first group were dehorned under general anaesthesia (GA) induced by intravenous administration of xylazine and ketamine. The second group was dehorned under sedation and local anaesthesia (SLA) induced by intramuscular administration of xylazine and local anaesthesia with lidocaine. The third group was dehorned under local anaesthesia (LA) with lidocaine. Dehorning was performed with a foetotomy wire. Blood samples were taken 0.5 h before dehorning to determine cortisol levels, and, by means of a central venous catheter inserted into the jugular vein, during surgery at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 h post-surgery. Concurrently, occurrence of stress behaviours was assessed. Cortisol levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The lowest mean peak levels of plasma cortisol (82.53 +/- 6.04 nmol l(-1)), the most rapid return of plasma cortisol levels to baseline values (1.92 +/- 1.11 h), and the lowest occurrence of stress behaviours (2.38 +/- 5.83%) were noted in the SLA group. The highest mean peak levels plasma cortisol (113.86 +/- 25.65 nmol l(-1)), the slowest return of plasma cortisol levels to baseline values (3.83 +/- 2.18 h) and the most frequent occurrence of stress behaviours (65.48 +/- 28.72%) were observed in the LA group. There were significant differences between the SLA and LA groups in peak plasma cortisol levels (p = 0.011) and in occurrence of stress behaviours (p = 0.003). Sedation induced by intramuscular administration of xylazine in conjunction with local anaesthesia with lidocaine is considered the most suitable method of anaesthesia when dehorning adult cattle. Local anaesthesia with lidocaine alone was least suitable. 相似文献