园林植物春季最佳观赏期调查研究

目前,由于缺乏准确的园林植物最佳观赏期的资料,导致优秀的规划设计方案难以落到实处,园林景点建成之后景观效果大打折扣。针对以上问题,作者采用实地调查观测的方法对园林植物春季最佳观赏期和最佳观赏顺序进行了研究。记录整理典型地点园林植物的最佳观赏期和最佳观赏顺序,为园林规划设计、植物配置和养护管理提供科学的参考依据。     

Phylogenetic characterization of rabies virus isolates from Carnivora in Brazil

The incidence of canine rabies has been widely reported in Brazil, and new rabies virus (RV) variants, genetically similar to canine RV, have recently been isolated from foxes. In order to derive the epidemiological characteristics of Brazilian Carnivora RV, Brazilian RVs isolated from dogs, cats, and foxes were genetically analyzed. Brazilian Carnivora RV isolates were divided into 2 main lineages. The predominant lineage was found in dogs and cats, which included the Argentinean and Bolivian Carnivora RV isolates, and was extensively distributed throughout Brazil and surrounding countries. The other lineage consisted of three sublineages containing Brazilian dog and fox RV isolates, with the dog sublineages located on an internal branch of 2 fox sublineages, suggesting that RV transmission events might have occurred between foxes and dogs in the past. These results suggest that contact between dogs and wildlife has the potential to generate new rabies variants and that it is important to control RV infection cycles in both dogs and wildlife to prevent spread of rabies infection.     

基于集合经验模态分解北疆降水多尺度变化特征

降水是中国西北干旱区水资源的重要组成部分,利用合理方法有效认识降水的区域变化规律对指导农业发展尤为重要。基于北疆42个气象站1961—2012年降水序列数据,从气候时间序列中提取气候信号中各个尺度的变化,对北疆过去52a来的降水进行多尺度分析,并对其空间差异进行了初步探讨。结果表明:过去52a北疆降水量存在明显的年际和年代尺度的变化,年际尺度的周期为5a和8a,年代尺度的周期为10a和30a。变化趋势上,降水量1985s之前呈减少趋势,在1985s之后呈增加趋势,且后期的增幅大于前期的减幅。突变分析表明北疆年降水量呈增加趋势。集合经验模态分解(EEMD)是一种适用于非线性、非平稳序列的信号分析方法,将EEMD应用于气候要素时间序列,可提取可靠真实的气候变化信号,同时,EEMD可以得到气候变化的固有时间尺度。     

旱地玉米秸秆地膜二元覆盖的土壤水热效应研究

为了研究不同覆盖方式对旱地农田土壤水温变化规律和降水高效利用的影响,以探求旱地玉米最佳覆盖种植方式,于2013—2015年在山西省寿阳县连续定点定位设置秸秆地膜二元覆盖(MS)、宽膜覆盖(FM)、窄膜覆盖(NM))3个不同覆盖种植方式,以传统露地平作为对照(CK),研究不同覆盖种植模式对旱地玉米土壤温度、水分和产量的影响。结果表明:(1)二元覆盖昼夜温差比宽膜覆盖、窄膜覆盖和露地变化幅度小,二元覆盖昼夜相差8.8℃;在播后25~35天,15cm土层的土壤温度由19.1℃上升到26.5℃,呈现微弱的增温效应。(2)玉米整个生育期秸秆地膜二元覆盖处理(MS)0—160cm土壤贮水量较CK增加68mm;3年平均含水量显示,MS、FM和NM比CK分别提高4.5%,0.4%和1.2%。(3)秸秆地膜二元覆盖(MS)处理,比露地增产17.4%,水分利用效率提高24.8%。因此,秸秆地膜二元覆盖能综合改善田间温度、水分因子,提高了玉米产量和水分利用效率,是山西省旱地玉米最佳的覆盖方式。     

气吸与机械辅助附种结合式玉米精量排种器

针对气吸式排种器播种玉米时漏播率较高、地头漏播严重等问题,设计了一种采用机械托种盘辅助附种的气吸式玉米精量排种器,利用托种盘窝眼对种子的托附和夹持作用,实现对气吸式排种盘的辅助附种.分析并确定了排种器工作区域和托种盘主要结构等关键参数.试验结果表明:在前进速度6～12 km/h时,该排种器的粒距合格指数A≥91.40％、重播指数D≤3.82％、漏播指数M≤4.78％、合格粒距变异系数C≤18.37％,具有良好的排种效果.在10 km/h作业速度下,该排种器(真空室相对压力-3 kPa)的各项性能指标均明显优于常规气吸式排种器(真空室相对压力-4 kPa),其中漏播指数比后者相对降低了29％.     

Changes in sorghum production,soil P forms and P use efficiency following long-term application of manure,compost and straw in a Ferric Lixisol

Low phosphorus availability in cultivated soils limits sustainable crop production in sub‐Saharan Africa. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of long‐term application of different types of organic amendments on soil P forms, P use efficiency and sorghum yields. A long term experiment established in 1980 at Saria in Burkina Faso, comparing the effects of manure, compost and sorghum straw was used. Manure and compost significantly increased organic P and resin‐P by about 35% and 64%, respectively after 10 and 32 years of sorghum cultivation, and HCl‐P after 32 years of cultivation compared to the control. Manure significantly increased NaHCO₃-Pi and NaOH-Pi by 63% and 26%, respectively compared to the control. Sorghum straw had little effect on measured soil P forms. Manure and compost were the best in increasing sorghum grain yield, which effect were strongly correlated to soil pH, carbon and nitrogen. The partial factors productivities of P resulting from the application of studied organic amendments were similar and low, but significantly higher than that of the control treatment. Organic amendments with high P content, maintaining soil carbon and pH could be used to improve soil P availability, sorghum yield and reduce the demand for mineral phosphorus fertilizers.     

藏东南德姆拉山东坡及察隅河谷的蚂蚁群落

蚂蚁隶属于昆虫纲( Insecta)膜翅目(Hymenoptera)蚁科(Formicidae),是地球上分布最广泛、种类和数量最多的社会性昆虫,除了地球的两极及雪线之上,陆地上几乎都有蚂蚁的踪迹.蚂蚁不仅具有药用、食用及研究价值,还有改良土壤、帮助植物传粉、传播植物种子、防治害虫等功用(徐正会,2002).此外蚂蚁还是指示生物多样性和环境变化的重要类群(Andersen,1990;1995;Alonso,2000;Kaspari et al.,2000). 20世纪至今,国内有关蚂蚁物种多样性的研究报道呈增长趋势.国外蚁类学家Mayr (1889)、Forel (1906)、Ruzsky (1914)、Donisthorpe (1929)、Menozzi(1939)、Eidmann(1941;1942)、Dlussky( 1965)、Collingwood (1970)、Kohout (1994)、Radchenko等(1999)等报道过西藏的蚂蚁种类及地理分布.我国蚁类学家唐觉等( 1982;1993)、周善义( 2004)分别报道过西藏墨脱、喜马拉雅山区和雅鲁藏布大峡谷的蚂蚁(于娜娜等,2011).     

Accumulation of malathion residues in grain stored on malathion-treated wood surfaces

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine whether insecticides applied to storage structures are able to move past a single layer of grain kernels to give adequate control of stored-grain insects. The extent of uptake of insecticides was assessed on three layers of wheat in contact with wood surfaces treated with malathion 836 g litre^?1 e.c. at 1–0 g a.i. m^?2 using chemical and biological methods at predetermined time intervals. There was a progressive uptake of malathion beyond the layer directly in contact with the treated surfaces and the uptake depended on the duration of storage. After 8 weeks a sufficient amount of malathion accumulated on the top layer of grain kernels to cause 100% mortality of adult Tribolium castaneum (Herbst).     

藏绵羊PRDX5基因的克隆及其在睾丸中的表达

过氧化物氧化还原酶5 (PRDX5)是一种硫氧还蛋白,参与机体多种生物学过程。为了研究PRDX5基因在藏绵羊(Ovis aries)睾丸发育和精子发生过程中的作用,本研究以不同发育阶段(3月龄、1周岁和3周岁)的藏绵羊为研究对象,克隆了PRDX5基因的CDS区,并对其进行生物信息学分析;通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)、Western blot和免疫组织化学染色法,对PRDX5基因在藏绵羊睾丸不同发育阶段的表达和分布进行了检测。结果显示,PRDX5基因CDS区全长659 bp,可编码219个氨基酸;蛋白质结构预测显示PRDX5以α-螺旋为主,无信号肽;系统进化树显示,藏绵羊PRDX5基因与山羊(Capra hircus)亲缘关系最近;1周岁(性成熟期)和3周岁(成年)藏绵羊睾丸中PRDX5 mRNA相对表达量极显著(P <0.01)高于3月龄(性成熟前),但PRDX5蛋白表达量极显著(P <0.01)低于3月龄,且两者在性成熟后趋于稳定;PRDX5蛋白在藏绵羊睾丸不同发育阶段的支持细胞和间质细胞中均有表达。推测PRDX5基因可能通过调节细胞内ROS的水平影响精子发生...